different industries; they are Unilever Group and Rolls-Royce Holdings plc. In order to see the capital structure debt and equity ratios were calculated. According to calculations Unilever’s debt ratio is 32.49% and equity ratio is 67.51%. Rolls-Royce numbers are 16.81% and 83.19 % respectively. In both cases we see that firms prefer to use their own capital. We cannot tell with certainty why this structure was chosen‚ but we can look for example at the level of liquidity. Unilever has 93% (cash to
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INTRODUCTION Historically‚ the foreign investment policy of the Indian government (during the period from 1950 to 1990) consisted of stringent foreign exchange controls and regulations (including in the form of industrial licensing‚ quota system‚ capital controls)‚ a bar on free trade and control of the flow of funds to a very large extent. As early as 1984‚ India saw the failure of a takeover attempt of Escorts Limited and DCM by Swaraj Paul’s Caparo Group‚ owing to the promoters using political
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strategic actions and is based on the following four assumptions: The external Environment The general‚ industry‚ and competitive environments impose pressures and constraints on firms and determines strategies that will result in superior returns. (External Environment à Organization) Most firms competing in an industry or an industry segment control similar sets of strategically-relevant resources and thus pursue similar strategies. Resources used to implement strategies are highly
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Powerline Network Corporation—Case Two: Risk and Return Thomas Calderone‚ CJ Anderson‚ and Megan Wegener FIN 480: Finance Capstone Course Professor Randy Lewis Spring Arbor University February 7‚ 2013 Powerline Network Corporation: Risk and Return Introduction The topics of risk and return are crucial to financial management because it allows a company to maximize stock value—in which risk is a determinant value‚ the rate of return in which investors require on various types of securities
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development of entire economy. According to Levine and Zervos ‚ The stock market can give a big boost to economic growth and make a great impact in economic activities by providing liquidity. Many profitable investments require a long-term commitment of capital‚ however at the same time‚ most investors are often reluctant to have other people in control of their own savings in long term in considering the risk of the investments. The creation of liquidity by stock market relieves this dilemma since it makes
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Economic and Regulatory Capital in Banking: What is the Difference?∗ Abel Elizalde Rafael Repullo CEMFI and UPNA CEMFI and CEPR July 2006 Abstract We analyze the determinants of regulatory capital (the minimum required by regulation)‚ economic capital (that chosen by shareholders without regulation)‚ and actual capital (that chosen with regulation) in the single risk factor model of Basel II. We show that variables that only affect economic capital‚ such as the intermediation margin
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CHAPTER 22 estimating risk and return on assets 1. WHAT IS RISK? Risk is the variability of an asset’s future returns. When only one return is possible‚ there is no risk. When more than one return is possible‚ the asset is risky. The greater the variability‚ the greater the risk. 2. RISK – RETURN RELATIONSHIP Investment risk is related to the probability of actually earning less than the expected return – the greater the chance of low or negative returns‚ the riskier the investment. Investors
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leasing deal that Aberlyn proposed to RhoMed is an innovative way for RhoMed‚ a start-up firm‚ to acquire financing without diluting its equity value and raising debt in the market. Management believes that the firm is more valuable than venture capital firms would believe‚ and debt financing would be extremely costly since RhoMed doesn’t currently have positive cash flow. For Aberlyn‚ the main benefits of the transaction are the interest payments paid on the lease and potential to sell the patent
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of the question 10 marks (paper 2) 20 minutes on it Explain the law of diminishing returns using average and marginal product curves Definition Law of diminishing returns refer to how the marginal production of a factor of production starts to progressively decrease as the factor is increased‚ in contrast to the increase that would otherwise be normally expected. Triple A Law of diminishing returns – as more and more of a variable factor is added to a fixed factor‚ output will rise initially
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balance of the rights of majority and minority shareholders is essential for the smooth functioning of the company.”- Explain & Illustrate? 1. Introduction: The basic principal relating to the administration of the affairs of a company is that “the will of the majority is supreme”. The general rule is that the decisions of the majority shareholders in a company bind the minority. 1 In a world that recognizes ‘simple majority rules’‚ minority shareholders of companies are by default vulnerable to oppression
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