The Tower of Hanoi Task: Is there a Difference between Bilingual and Trilingual Individuals in Executive Function? Abstract The aim of the present study was to test whether there was a difference in executive functions between individuals who are bilingual and individuals who are trilingual. A mixed design was used as both of these groups were required to carry out the same tasks which consisted of the Tower of Hanoi task that 2 practice trials and 5 actual trials which were either difficult or easy
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BILINGUALISM: WHAT IS YOUR DEFINITION? I had lived one of the biggest shocks in my life when I learn that I am not considered as a bilingual. I used to think that if you are studying a language and if you have perfected your knowledge and ability in all aspects of that language‚ it is inevitable that you become a bilingual. However‚ I learned to my greatest grief that that is not the case and I have learned English as a foreign language throughout all these years. I have been studying English
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English 1302‚ Composition II Poetry Analysis Assignment: Choose ONE of the prompts below; then write a 3-4 page poetry analysis in which you analyze the use of literary elements in one of the assigned poems listed: “America” (Claude McKay); “We Wear the Mask” (Paul Laurence Dunbar); “Harlem (A Dream Deferred)” (Langston Hughes); “Mirror” (Sylvia Plath); “The Bean Eaters” (Gwendolyn Brooks); “To The Mercy Killers” (Dudley Randall); “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” (Dylan Thomas). Your
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This can lead to inner conflict‚ confusion‚ and even anger. One way to handle the conflict is to cut ties with the first culture including language. But is this the answer? Doing so can create a sense of loss. In the essay “Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood”‚ Richard Rodriguez shares his personal experience with learning English as a second language. In his linguistic journey‚ the author feels a disconnect between Spanish‚ the language used at home by his Mexican immigrant parents‚ and English
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this island Spanish is the central language‚ leading me to be fluent in Spanish. Later in my life as I grew‚ went to school and watched American TV I learned English‚ turning me bilingual. Bilingualism is defined as the ability to converse in two different languages. Were I come from most of my family and friends are bilingual‚ but when I came to Miami I didn’t expect to meet many people that could speak Spanish. As I began to observe the people from Miami I knew that this wasn’t the case. If you go
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That is‚ “whether bilinguals have a single system of memory representation and processing devoted to all of the languages they use or separate systems‚ one for each language” (Kroll & Tokowicz 2005). Various models have been proposed to provide an answer to this question. Another
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occurrence can be observed among bilingual and monolingual students when communicating online? 2. Which social media platform is more appropriate to account for the phenomenon of code-switching among bilingual and monolingual students? 3. What are the functions and reasons for bilingual and monolingual students to switch codes in on line messages sent via social networking website? 4. Which methods are more appropriate to account for the phenomenon of code-switching among bilingual and monolingual students
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Adelman-Reyes & Kleyn’s (2010) review of existing typologies of bilingual education distinguishes between bilingual education programs and bilingual education models (Adelman-Reyes & Kleyn‚ 2010). Models are defined in terms of their language-planning goals and ideological orientations toward linguistic and cultural diversity in society‚ and program types are defined in terms of specific contextual and structural characteristics (Adelman-Reyes & Kleyn‚ 2010). In other words‚ models can be viewed
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instruction in schools across the country"(Cal:Research). This is concerning as all of the competition for the U.S. is gaining a step and we ’re doing nothing . If the U.S. expects to continue to be competitive in the global market we need to have bilingual citizens. In order to ensure this‚ we must require a foreign language be learned in high school. To fully master a language by the end of high school‚ a student ’s education of it needs to begin in Kindergarten. Studies have shown that the best
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The Proposition 227 requires that all public school instruction be conducted in English. However‚ in “The Political Paradox of Bilingual Education”‚ Crawford argues against Proposition 227 and provides an overview of the political and educational discourse on immigrant children’s language rights. He starts with questions such as “Was the proposition intended primarily to assimilate limited-English-proficient (LEP) children more efficiently? To teach them English as rapidly as possible? To encourage
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