2 The Components of Matter Elements‚ Compounds‚ and Mixtures: An Atomic Overview An element consists of only one kind of atom. An element is one kind of substance – the composition is fixed. Each element is unique because the properties of its atoms are unique. Molecules are structures containing two or more atoms chemically bound together. Diatomic molecules are two-atom molecules such as elemental oxygen. A compound is a type of matter in which two or more different elements are chemically bonded
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4.1 Defining the Atom Overview cannot be seen w/ naked eye def. smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction Democritus’ Atomic Philosophy Democritus (460 BC- 370 BC) was a Greek philosopher first suggested the existence of atoms said they were indivisible and indestructible did not explain chemical behavior did not use scientific method John Dalton (1766-1844) English chemist schoolteacher used experimental methods he transformed Democritus’ ideas
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block an atom (meaning not divisible). Democritus believed that everything around us such as metal‚ water‚ and wood were atoms‚ but Dalton believed and proved that it could be more basic than that. He started thinking of compounds such as water‚ salt‚ or wood; that they could be a number of atoms combined to make that product. He also believed that atoms such as carbon‚ gold‚ and hydrogen could not be broken down. Dalton made some rules according to his theory: 1. All elements are made of atoms. 2.
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Module 16 Notes Reduction/Oxidation Reactions • Oxidation number: The charge that an atom in a molecule would develop if the most electronegative atoms in the molecule took the shared electrons from the less electronegative atoms. • Oxidation numbers are not real; they are only based on assumptions. They are useful bookkeeping tools though‚ and can help us keep track of electrons during a reaction. • The sum of all oxidation numbers in a molecule must equal the charge of that molecule. • Rules
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electrons of two different atoms. This attraction results in the two atoms binding together. An ionic bond‚ also called an electron-transfer bond‚ is a type of chemical bond that is a result of the electromagnetic attraction between ions of opposite charges‚ i.e.‚ a cation (a positively charged ion) and an anion (a negatively charged ion). An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has acquired an electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. In an ionic bond‚ an atom gives or receives electrons
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2. Which of the statements below correctly describes the partial charges on the atoms in a water molecule? a. All the atoms act as if they have a positive charge. b. All the atoms act as if they have a negative charge. c. The oxygen atom acts as if it has a positive charge while the hydrogen atoms act as if they have a negative charge. d. The oxygen atoms act as if it has a negative charge while the hydrogen atoms act as if they have a positive
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Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds‚ in which the sharing of the electron pair is unequal
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acknowledge the reason atoms react with one another in the first place. Each element has a certain number of valence electrons‚ an example being Sodium having one valence electron. When elements react they are trying to get a full shell of eight valence electrons by either giving away‚ taking in‚ or sharing valence electrons. The best way I can think to describe how atoms decide which method to do is that atoms have their
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Describe the structure of an atom -Proton‚ neutron‚ electron 1b. An atom of calcium contains 20 protons. How many electrons does it have? -20 2b. Compare the structure of carbon-12 and carbon-13 -Carbon-12 has 6 protons‚ 6 electrons and 6 neutrons. Carbon-14 has 6 protons‚ 6 electrons and 8 neutrons. 4a. What are two types of bonds that hold the atoms within a compound together? -Ionic and covalent bonds 4b. A potassium atom easily loses its one electron
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|Atomic Structure | |Subatomic Particle |Charge |Location in an Atom | |Proton |Positive |Nucleus | |Neutron |Neutral
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