spoken language
Accent
The ways in which words are pronounced. There will usually be pat terns in the way that consonants are pronounced (or dropped) and t he way vowel sounds are made. Accent can also vary according to the region or social class of a speaker.
Context

The situation or circumstances in which speech takes place. This will impact greatly on the speech encounter and the way that speakers will vary their speech according to the recipients and the environment.

Dialect
The distinctive grammar and v ocabulary which is associated with a specific geographical. This relates to the words and phrases themselves and should not be confused with the way in which the words and phrases sound. For example, a dialectical variation of the word ‘cuddle’ in South Wales would be ‘cwtch’.
Emphasis or stress

This is often shown by underlining or emboldening to show that a word, or part of a word, has been said in a particular way (i.e. probably louder and with more force than other words the speech to make a point for example).
Filler

These are words which do not carry conventional meaning but which are inserted in speech to allow time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn in conversation. Examples are ‘er’, ‘um’, ‘ah’, ‘OK’, ‘kinda’.

Interruption
This occurs where one speaker jumps in and seizes the topic, overriding another speaker. This can be done out of enthusiasm, or indignation rather than rudeness.
Jargon
Specific technical vocabulary related to a specific task or occupation. So for teachers it is SATS, lesson plans, SOWs, Inset, etc

Overlapping
This occurs where more than one speaker speaks at the same time. This could be for a range of reasons and i s not always a s ign of disagreement, though it could be. More often in speech it shows that speakers are on the same wavelength and they may complete each other’s sentence or to show that one supports the other.
Pauses

These are breaks in speech and c an be very short (micro pauses) or
The ways in which words are pronounced. There will usually be pat terns in the way that consonants are pronounced (or dropped) and t he way vowel sounds are made. Accent can also vary according to the region or social class of a speaker.
Context

The situation or circumstances in which speech takes place. This will impact greatly on the speech encounter and the way that speakers will vary their speech according to the recipients and the environment.

Dialect
The distinctive grammar and v ocabulary which is associated with a specific geographical. This relates to the words and phrases themselves and should not be confused with the way in which the words and phrases sound. For example, a dialectical variation of the word ‘cuddle’ in South Wales would be ‘cwtch’.
Emphasis or stress

This is often shown by underlining or emboldening to show that a word, or part of a word, has been said in a particular way (i.e. probably louder and with more force than other words the speech to make a point for example).
Filler

These are words which do not carry conventional meaning but which are inserted in speech to allow time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn in conversation. Examples are ‘er’, ‘um’, ‘ah’, ‘OK’, ‘kinda’.

Interruption
This occurs where one speaker jumps in and seizes the topic, overriding another speaker. This can be done out of enthusiasm, or indignation rather than rudeness.
Jargon
Specific technical vocabulary related to a specific task or occupation. So for teachers it is SATS, lesson plans, SOWs, Inset, etc

Overlapping
This occurs where more than one speaker speaks at the same time. This could be for a range of reasons and i s not always a s ign of disagreement, though it could be. More often in speech it shows that speakers are on the same wavelength and they may complete each other’s sentence or to show that one supports the other.
Pauses

These are breaks in speech and c an be very short (micro pauses) or