Where phonemic awareness is about the awareness of the sound of phonemes, phonics is the awareness and recognition that those phonemes correlate into written letters, words, and language (Cunningham, 2012). The goal with phonics is to help children learn how to read new words by sounding out the letters that make up the word. Phonics instruction can be done through flashcards, where the teacher holds up the flashcard with a letter on it and the student says the letter. Phonics instruction can take place by teaching upper and lower case letters. Have a handout with 2 spaces on it for each letter of the alphabet on it. Write the letter “A” on the board then prompt the class for the name of the letter, and then ask one student to come up and write the lower case letter. “Which Letter?” is another fun phonics activity where students learn the relationship between sound and symbols. For each letter of the alphabet, one at a time, the teacher will write a group of words starting with the same letter like car, cat, can, camel, then ask students what sound do they hear in each of them and ask them to think of other words that start like that then write them on the board. Picture dominoes are also a fun classroom activity where the class plays in groups of 2 and the students have paper dominoes with pictures on one side and letters on the other. Have students match up the pictures with other pictures that have the same…