Environmental management is the management of interaction by the modern human societies with, and impact upon the environment. The need for environmental management can be viewed from a variety of perspectives. A more common philosophy and impetus behind environmental management is the concept of carrying capacity which refers to the maximum number of organisms a particular resource can sustain. Environmental management is therefore not the conservation of the environment solely for the sake of environment, but rather the conservation of the environment for the sake of mankind.
Concern for the environment is not new. Since ancient times people have known the importance of preserving it. The tradition of sanctifying various trees and plants — like the Peepal, Banyan and Neem dates back to the Vedic period. The Tulsi (Basil) plant was grown in every household in the centre of the courtyard and ritually watered.
The tradition of wild life preservation dates back to the Vedic period. The Ancient Hindu scriptures directed people to protect their environment. Domestic and wild animals have been worshipped by the Hindus. The Yajurveda, the Bridha Smriti, the Yagyavalkya Smriti and the Vishnu Samhita - all emphasize the need to peacefully co-exist with animals. Various caste groups often had an animal as the sacred symbol of their ‘gotra’ and the members of those groups considered it their religious duty to protect these totemic animals. Buddhism and Jainism specifically advocated the protection of all ‘jiva’ or living beings. It was clear that kindness towards animals and respect for them has been an integral part of religious and social life in ancient India.
Water was regarded as the first and the foremost element in the Vedas. Water is the most important tool/mode for performing religious rituals and social ceremonies and a primary means for purification of body and soul in Indian culture since ancient times till