| | | | | | | | | The Erosion Process1. Water. Erosion from water typically occurs in the following ways. a. Raindrop Splash and Sheet Erosion. The first step in the erosion process begins as raindrops impact the soil surface. Raindrops typically fall with a velocity of 20-30 feet per second. The energy of these impacts are sufficient to displace soil particles as high as two feet vertically. In addition‚ the impact of a rainfall on a bare soil can compact the upper layer of
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Business Challenge #6: To develop the best scratch resistant coating in the world for ophthalmic lenses [Titan] Background The ophthalmic lenses (spectacle lenses) consist of some base material (substrate) like CR 39‚ Polycarbonate‚ Trivex and a surface treatment is given to them to increase their hardness. Currently‚ there are 2 processes of applying this coating‚ i.e. Dip coating and Spin coating. The current scratch resistant (Hard) coating on plastic and polycarbonate lenses available in the
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short lag time‚ high peak discharge‚ and steep rising and falling limbs; a ’damped’ hydrograph is the opposite. Urban development is likely to make a river catchment more ’flashy’ and prone to flooding‚ because of rapid runoff from impermeable tarmac surfaces into streams. Hello MAtthew The shape of a hydrograph changes according to a number of controlling factors in the drainage basin. An example is the amount of VEGETATION / SOILS (INFILTRATION CAPACITY) LEVEL OF URBANISATION LAND USE GRADIENT
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of viral genome-->late gene expression->assembly of viral progeny-->exit 2. Concept 2.1- Virus entry is a multistep process with the ultimate goal of delivering viral genome (payload) into the cells. A. Binding to surface receptors- - a viral receptor is cell surface molecule‚ likely a transmembrane protein - a virus may need multiple receptors to enter the cell -the ability of viruses to infect certain cells but not others are typically due to the fact that only the "permissive cells"
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SUBJECT CSEC- GEOGRAPHY SUBJECT TEACHER-MISS TANIA ST.BERNARD SCORE- Table of Contents Page 1 Title page Page 2 Table of Contents Page 3 Aim of Study Page 4 A Map of Trinidad Highlighting the Study Areas Page 5 Sketch Map of the Study Area at Oropouche River‚ Trinidad Page 6 Sketch Map of the Study Area at Cipero River‚ Trinidad Page 7 Methodology Page 9 Presentation and Analysis of Data Page 10 The Levels of Pollution at the Cipero and Oropouche Rivers Page 11 Discussion-Phosphates Page 12 -Ph Page
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energy that travel through the earth‚ and are a result of an earthquake‚ explosion‚ or a volcano that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy. There are two types of seismic waves‚ Body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel through the interior of the earth. Surface waves travel along the earth’s surface and through water. Seismic wave fields are measured by a seismograph‚ geophone‚ hydrophone or accelerometer. These are used to measure earthquakes. When measuring these earthquakes these
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mises) -Octahedral shear stress and second invariant of devatoric stress tensor‚ as relations with yielding criterion q y y -Equivalent yield stress and yield strain. - Geometrical representation ‚Von mises cylindrical yield surface‚ and hexahedral i ld f h h d l yield surface of T f Tresca criterionit i -Yield locus in 2-D space -Plastic stress strain law Plastic -Modified stiffness matrix for plastic increments p BEAM ELEMENTS -Plastic bending of beams -Elastic b di moment and plastic or yielding
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break down the surface tension of the water. These surfactants work on the surface of the water droplet to reduce its tendency to bead up by pulling the water and the wax on the leaf surface together‚ reducing the water’s surface tension and causing the water droplet to spread out. When the water used in pesticide sprays spreads out more evenly‚ the result is much better pesticide coverage. Adding APSA-80 helps insecticides‚ defoliators and foliar fertilisers to penetrate the surface of the leaf faster
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modifying the fiber surface properties. In this paper‚ the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed. Chemical treatments including alkali‚ silane‚ acetylation‚ benzoylation‚ acrylation‚ maleated coupling agents‚ isocyanates‚ permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase
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known as splash erosion. This is the first stage in the erosion process. The impact of rainfall drops on the soil surface can break down soil aggregates as the impact of falling raindrops breaks up the topsoil. This erosion is caused by long lasting and less intense storms. Runoff can occur whenever there is excess water on a slope that can’t be absorbed into the soil or trapped on the surface. The method used to prevent erosion from raindrop splash erosion is stabilization. Temporary and permanent vegetation
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