Psychology & Scientific Thinking Terms Ch. 1 Psychology- Scientific study of mind‚ brain and behavior Levels of Analysis- Learned fears and expectations. Brain structures‚ thoughts‚ feelings‚ and emotions. Multiply determined- Caused by many factors Individual differences- Variations among people in thinking‚ emotion‚ personality‚ and behavior (everyone responds to every situation differently) Naive realism- Belief that we see the world as it is “seeing is believing” Scientific Theory- Explanation
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History of Psychology PSY/310 November 5‚ 2012 History of Psychology The development of modern psychology has roots that can be found well past the 19th century. This paper will identify philosophers who are historically related to the beginnings of psychology as a formal discipline. It will also identify philosophers in the western tradition who were primary contributors to the formation of psychology as a discipline. The development of the science of psychology during the 19th century will
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schools of early anthropological thought: British social anthropology and French structuralism in terms of their primary concern and focus. British Social Anthropology: ● Emerged in early 20th century. Main founding figure was Malinowski. ● Radcliffe-Brown‚ Evans-Pritchard‚ Gluckman‚ and Leach also were important figures. ● Two theoretical foundations were functionalism and structural functionalism: ○ Functionalism - Explanation of why certain social institutions exist. ○ Explains the cultural
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Test 1: Four goals of Psychology: Description‚ Explanation‚ Prediction‚ Influence Basic Research: Conducted to seek new knowledge and advance scientific understanding Adv. Research: Conducted to solve practical problems Difference between applied & Basic: Basic research is intended to seek new knowledge and explore understanding whereas applied to to improve quality of life. Questionaires: Completed more quickly and less expensively than interviews. More accurate.
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Sociology and Political Science: As a mother of social sciences Sociology has close and intimate relationship with all other social science. Hence it has close relationship with political science as well. Their relationship is so close and intimate that led G.E.C. Catlin to remark “Political Science and Sociology are two faces or aspects of the same figure.” Similarly other scholars could not find any difference between the two disciplines. Sociology is a Science of society. It is a science of social
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argument of the Mind-Brain Identity theory. In the history of philosophy this theory is accredited to U.T. Place and Herbert Feigl in the 1950s‚ replacing behavioralism for the most part and eventually being overtaken and modified by the arguments of functionalism which I will discuss later
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early theoretical psychologists and modern experts have criticized the missing unity of psychology (Darity‚ 2008). In the early twentieth century‚ there was a movement to unify major concepts in psychology such as psychoanalysis‚ behaviorism‚ Gestalt psychology‚ and structuralism. Later‚ criticisms involved multiple theoretical approaches and empirical data that were often contradictory (Darity‚ 2008). Today‚ the field of psychology is so diverse in its concepts and its positions on theories and so disjointed
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SENSATION AND PERCEPTION APSY 382 Aug 27th‚ 2012 Chapter 1 Psychophysics – how we measure perception (loose definition) Sensation = unidimensional = varies in one way (sounds get louder or softer) Perception = multidimensional = varies in many ways (there are a lot of kinds of books) Perception – knowing the present Memory – knowing the past Thinking – knowing the future Cognition = the influence of perception‚ memory‚ and thinking Aug 29th‚ 2012 Basic principles of perception 1. Stimulation
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Dictionary: English (U.K.)‚ a branch of psychology that treats behaviour and perception as an integrated whole and not simply the sum of individual stimuli and responses. Gestalt psychology emerged in Germany as a response against Wilhelm Wundt’s structuralism. Later the gestalt psychologists criticized the reductionist approach of behaviorists like Watson. The school was officially founded in the 1920s‚ but it all began around 1910 by Max Wertheimer (1880 – 1943) who was a Czech-born Jewish teacher
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l FUNCTIONALISM Functionalism is the oldest‚ and still the dominant‚ theoretical perspective in sociology and many other social sciences. This perspective is built upon twin emphases: application of the scientific method to the objective social world and use of an analogy between the individual organism and society. The emphasis on scientific method leads to the assertion that one can study the social world in the same ways as one studies the physical world. Thus‚ Functionalists see the social
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