Chapter four 1. What is cell theory? 2. What’s the four function of the plasma membrane? 3. What does SVR stand for and mean? Is it better for something to be smaller and multiple or bigger and singular? 4. What does prokaryotes have? 5. How do eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ? 6. What is the cell membrane? Endomembrane system? 7. List the steps in protein synthesis. 8. What is the cytoskeleton composed of? Give me definition for both. 9. What is a centrosome? 10. What is
Premium Protein Signal transduction Cell membrane
they work‚ when they function Light reactions: Cyclic and noncyclic‚ be able to follow the electrons Light-Independent reactions: Three overall steps. Fate of G3P C3‚ C4 and CAM plants‚ how they are similar and different Functions of cell signals‚ how signals are relayed (5 ways). Three stages of cell signaling Receptor activation – ligand‚ types of cell surface receptors‚ intracellular receptors Protein kinases‚ phosphorylation Receptor tyrosine kinases‚ G-protein coupled receptors‚ cAMP. Hormonal
Premium Signal transduction Adenosine triphosphate Protein
G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface proteins that relay extracellular signals to the nucleus. These signals can be in the form of light‚ peptides‚ lipids‚ and sugars. Once activated by a ligand at the outer cell surface‚ GPCRs activate their cognate G-proteins that reside on the inner cell membrane. The activated G-proteins then slide along the inside of the cell membrane to activate a cascade of proteins and enzymes that in turn amplify the original message received by the GPCR
Premium Protein Cell DNA
DIFFUSION REVIEW WORKSHEET 1. Define diffusion and what causes it to occur? The action of spreading the light from a light source evenly so as to reduce glare and harsh shadows. Diffusion is caused when entities are small and moving in molecules. They collide because they are moving at a random pace. The temperature causes diffusion. 2. Define the terms hypertonic‚ hypotonic‚ and isotonic solution. * Hypertonic: Having increased pressure or tone‚ in particular. * Hypotonic:
Premium Membrane biology Osmosis Cell membrane
activated cAMP‚ cGMP‚ DAG‚ inositol trisphosphates (IP3)‚ etc. Normal cellular function is physically inhibited 4 main receptor categories Most signal molecules targeted to a cell bind at the cell surface to receptors embedded in the plasma membrane e.g. ligand-gated ion channels‚ G-protein coupled receptors‚ kinase –linked receptors Only signal molecules able to cross the plasma membrane (e.g. steroid hormones) interact with intracellular receptors (Nuclear receptors) Types of
Premium Signal transduction
Introduction: Apart from being an essential component of bones‚ Calcium acts in many a different useful ways inside our bodies. And of all‚ the most important is its role in cell signaling. Calcium acts as a signal and most of the times as a second messenger‚ where it is released as a result of a signal and then triggers certain biological phenomenon within the cell. Calcium is stored in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and in the Mitochondria‚ and is also present outside the cell. A regular mechanism involving
Premium Signal transduction Endoplasmic reticulum Cell
Achondroplasia In humans achondroplasia is the most common form of non-lethal skeletal dysplasia (short limb dwarfism)‚ affecting over 250‚000 people worldwide. The incidence is approximately one in 10‚000-30‚000 live births. (1-7) Achondroplasia is characterised by short stature (average height of 120-132cm (2‚3)) with disproportionately shorter proximal limb bones‚ a long trunk with a narrow thorax‚ macrocephaly with frontal bossing and mid face hyperplasia. (1-4) People with achondroplasia also
Premium Signal transduction Mutation Natural selection
and therefore performs a key function in switching a cell from a resting state to a state of proliferation2. Mutations in Ras genes generate a hyperactive Ras protein that persists abnormally in its active state thereby transmitting an inappropriate signal for cell proliferation. The behavior of a proto-oncogene mutated into an oncogene can be studied in vitro by means of transfection. In such a transfection essay an oncogene introduced into a suitable tester cell line will drive the transfected cells
Premium Bacteria DNA Cell
Determination of the Migration Potential in Breast and Lung Cancer Cells in presence of antimigratory therapeutic agent. Marco Brudik and Paloma Aranzazu Godinez Melgoza Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Program‚ University of Applied Sciences IMC FH Krems. Abstract. The new trends on research points to study the process of tomour-cell invasion and metastasis for developing and testing of anti-migratory agents. The present study develops a quantitative determination of the cancer cell’s
Premium Cancer Oncology Signal transduction
The Sense of Taste Taste is the ability to respond to dissolved molecules and ions called tastants. Humans detect taste with taste receptor cells. These are clustered in taste buds. Each taste bud has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules and ions taken into the mouth to reach the receptor cells inside. There are five primary taste sensations: • salty • sour • sweet • bitter • umami Properties of the taste system. • A single taste bud contains 50–100 taste
Premium Taste Protein Signal transduction