ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA AND SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS Penny Ur TESOL France Colloquium 2009 Initial Concepts and Assumptions Probably between two and three billion people speak English. These may be defined according to Kachru’s three circles: inner‚ outer‚ expanding (Kachru‚ 1992). expanding circle outer circle inner circle Kachru‚ 1985 Probably between two and three billion people speak English. These may be divided into Kachru’s three circles: inner‚ outer
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cons of English being the international lingua franca English speakers in the world including those who are in the inner circle‚ outer circle and expanding circle had reached to 380 millions of people since 2001. The finding shows how influential English Language is. Gradually‚ English become the international lingua franca‚ “utilized outside of the country or countries of its origin.”( Subject Area - English Language Essays) The Lingua Franca There are both pros and cons of English becoming
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questions about English as a lingua franca Introduction: ’English ’ as a global lingua franca ’English ’‚ whatever may be meant by this designation‚ is the language in which most lingua franca communication worldwide is now taking place. This predominance is well documented (cf. e.g. Crystal 1997‚ Graddol 1997). Although‚ as these authors argue‚ this predominance may well turn out to be a temporary one‚ maybe for approximately the next 50 years‚ for the time being the global use of English is still
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My experience of learning to Read and Write in Thai as arterial language and English as lingua franca Atthaporn Youngyoo 55074327 Weekend Program Naresuan University MY EXPERIENCE OF LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE IN THAI AS ARTERIAL LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH AS LINGUA FRANCA True confession “15 pages for you to write about your experience of learning second language” I never thought it would end up like this. At first I thought “May be‚ Dr.Pongsakorn just kidding and may be
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“English has become the language on which the sun never sets” (Crystal 75). Every day‚ somewhere in the world‚ if the sun is shining then English is being spoken. English is spoken by more than 300 million people. It is the official language of 44 countries and is known by about 1/3 of the human population. The English language is significant because it is the world’s language of trade and commerce. On a world stage‚ English is the language of Money. Money talks-and the language that it is shouting
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dialect‚ context of situation‚ native speaker and lingua franca with regards to the local context in my discussion. Dialect In Singapore‚ the racial groups are categorized into their ‘dialect groups’‚ meaning their ‘ethnic’ groups. It is stated that “every Singaporean has an officially allocated ‘dialect group’ which normally corresponds to the paternal ancestral language‚ but does not necessarily to anything in the individual’s personal experience” (English in new cultural contexts‚ p. 117). It is mainly
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experts are more able to process information than we can and they are able to come to better conclusions than we could come to on our own." But is it so? I will be going over the two different opinions: Should we rely on experts to help us make decisions or not? Some people believe that we must rely on the experts‚ primarily because due to their authoritative opinion‚ we spend less time dealing with the problem. It is also convenient because the conscience of the decision lies not on us‚ but on the
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international varieties of English: Compare and contrast two non-Anglo varieties of English (i.e. excluding those from Kachru’s Inner Circle)‚ showing how the socio-historical context is reflected in their present characteristics. Postcolonial countries where the English language is not the mother tongue have still fallen under the influence of the British language. Where the education system‚ government‚ commerce‚ business and some instruction are carried out in variations of English. This assignment
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English as a World Language. The global spread of English over the last 50 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language‚ by its depth of permeation ["pE:mI’eISn] into societies and its range of functions. There is a model consisting of 3 circles proposed by B.B. Kachru in 1982 in order to describe regional varieties of English. The 1st or inner circle includes people who speak English as their vernacular language (200-400 mln speakers)
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The Rely Tampon The Rely Tampon‚ made by Proctor & Gamble‚ has been under public scrutiny for years for various reasons. Known mostly for their debated link to the deaths of thirty eight women from Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) and for lawyers charges against them of "suppressing important data that may [have] enhance[d] medical understanding of TSS" (Fielding). The Rely Tampon has become a hot topic and one of the most famous tampons in our history‚ second only to Tampax. "It Even Absorbed
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