Rights of Shareholders. Introduction: A shareholder is an individual or company that legally owns one or more shares of stock in that company. Shareholders are the owners of companies. A small business may have just one shareholder‚ the founder‚ while a public company may have thousands of individual and institutional shareholders‚ such as mutual fund companies‚ pension funds and hedge funds. Shareholders play an important role in the financing‚ operations‚ governance and
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Requirements for Valid Action at a Shareholder Meeting * Read statute‚ bylaws and articles * 1. Authority for the meeting * 2. Proper notice (or waiver of notice) * 3. Quorum * 4. Required number of votes cast in favor 1. Authority for Meeting * The meeting must be authorized * Look to statute and bylaws for authorization * Annual meetings MBCA §7.01 * Special meetings MBCA § 7.02 * Court ordered meetings MBCA § 7.03
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than to maximize their own profit. This view is called “Shareholder Theory”. Friedman argued that a company should have no social responsibility to the public or society because it’s only concern is to increase profits for itself and for its shareholders. He states that‚ when companies concern themselves with the community rather than focusing on profits‚ it leads to totalitarianism. In this traditional view of the firm‚ the shareholders or stockholders are the owners of the company‚ and the firm
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Chapter 158 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 158-1 a. The optimal distribution policy is one that strikes a balance between dividend yield and capital gains so that the firm’s stock price is maximized. b. The dividend irrelevance theory holds that dividend policy has no effect on either the price of a firm’s stock or its cost of capital. The principal proponents of this view are Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM). They
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Revenue and sales maximization Revenue maximization Maximizing sales revenue is an alternative to profit maximization and occurs when the marginal revenue‚ MR‚ from selling an extra unit is zero. The notion that business firms (especially those operating in the real world) are primarily motivated by the desire to achieve the greatest possible level of sales‚ rather than profit maximization. On a day-to-day basis‚ most real world firms probably do try to maximize sales rather than profit. For firms
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we are going to explain the role of shareholders‚ directors and partners in the different types of business; and then we will see the importance of legal constraints on decision making within business organisations. 1- THE ROLE OF THE SHAREHOLDERS: There are no shares in the sole trader and partnership ownership; that is why shareholders do not apply in these two types of businesses. In Private Limited Companies‚ there must be at least two shareholders but no maximum number. The principal
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Term Paper Worldwide Sourcing Many companies in today’s business world are exploring new ways to surpass their competitors. Over the past twenty years‚ there has been a significant increase in worldwide sourcing. According to Tim Minahan from SearchCIO‚ global sourcing is the process of identifying‚ evaluating‚ negotiating and configuring supply across multiple geographies to reduce costs‚ maximize performance and mitigate risks (Minahan‚ 2003). So why is going international so popular among
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Memo to Shareholders – Carpino Company To: Shareholders‚ Carpino Company Inc. From: Subject: First Year Performance of Carpino Company Introduction Upon completion of Carpino Company’s first year of business‚ it is with great satisfaction that I present to you the year end Cash Flow Statement and analysis for the period ended January 31‚ 2007. You will notice the statement as presented shows in detail the various operating‚ investing‚ and financing activities of the organization. Analysis
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Maximizing Shareholder Value: The Role of the Financial Manager Today ’s business world shows a huge diversification in the shareholders of one company. In most countries‚ each investor only holds a very small fraction of issued shares by one corporation. This includes also the senior management. Determining the objectives of the firm is not necessarily a straightforward task because the typical firm will have many types of participants. Among these participants are shareholders‚ creditors
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One of the most widely used concepts in finance is that shareholders require a risk premium over bond yields to bear the additional risks of equity investments. While models such as the two-parameter capital asset pricing model (CAPM) or arbitrage pricing theory offer explicit methods for varying risk premia across securities‚ the models are invariably linked to some underlying market (or factor-specific) risk premium. Unfortunately‚ the theortical models provide limited practical advice on establishing
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