objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group‚ Br versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group‚ 3◦ versus
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Experiment 15 & 16: Preparation of 1-bromobutane‚ an SN2 reaction Preparation of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane‚ an SN1 reaction Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved
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shape of particles. These range from basic (generally older) techniques such as sieving and use of optical microscopes through to more advanced techniques‚ such as using a coulter counter‚ a scanning electron microscope or photon cross correlation spectroscopy. You will cover a range of techniques in the lectures that accompany this section of the module and you should refer to your lecture notes for further details. The aim of this practical is to examine different techniques used in particle size analysis;
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experiment is to isolate‚ purify and identify compounds 1 and 2 which contain 4-chlorobenzaldehyde‚ methanol‚ and aqueous potassium hydroxide. Compounds 1 and 2 are purified by crystallization. . The purified product will be characterized by IR spectroscopy and melting point. As detailed in Pavia ’s Organic Laboratory techniques the reaction is expected to proceed via the following reaction: Aqueous Organic The mechanism is shown below:
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Isolation of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation Procedure Part A Apparatus 1.) Using a 20- or 25-mL round-bottom flask (for distillation) and a 10-mL round-bottom flask (for collection) assemble a distillation apparatus 2.) Use an aluminum block to heat and insert a water condenser 3.) The collection flask may be immersed in ice to ensure condensation of the distillate Preparing the Spice 1.) Weigh approximately 1.0 g of your spice or herb onto a piece of weighing paper and record the exact
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Sundays and Holidays. The city has several institutions of Learning and Research. Many of them such as the Indian Institute of Science‚ Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 650‚000 just like it! get better grades Raman Research Institute‚ National Institute of Mental health and Neuro-Sciences‚ National Aerospace Laboratories‚ Bangalore University have worldwide acclaim. The high-tech industries such as Aerospace‚ Electronics‚ Computers and now fast spreading software
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part of the communication process than any other communication skill. According to the recent survey conducted in a top blue chip company in India it is being observed around 63% of their time was spent on listening among other communication skills. (Raman M‚ Singh P‚ 2006: p.87). (See Annexure 1) . However it can be stated that the mere listening may not do a good job. Therefore it is important to differentiate between mere listening and effective
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Water is called “the elixir of life”. This is‚ indeed‚ the name which the Indian Nobel Laureate‚ C. V. Raman‚ has given it in his celebrated essay of the same name. The earth comprises two thirds of water and one third of land. Water is essential for all living beings. There can be no life without water. Human beings‚ animals and all kinds of plants all need water. Much of the beauty of the earth is because of the presence of plenty of water on it. The main sources of water are rain‚ rivers
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(2009). The Labor Relations Process (9th ed.). : South-Western Cengage Learning. 2. Lawson‚ K. (2009‚ August 13). Negotiating: intuitive skill or requires formal training? [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://lawsongroupmediation.com/209/ 3. Raman‚ N. (2010‚ January 22). Argument Vs. Opinion: How do You Negotiate? [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://fromgoodtogold.blogspot.com/2010/01/argument-vs-opinion-how-do-you.html 4. Shea‚ M. (2002). Labor negotiations. Retrieved from http://negotiatormagazine
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control matter at the molecular level”.1 Tremendous growth in nanotechnology has opened up novel fundamental and applied frontiers in materials science and engineering‚ such as nanobiotechnology‚2 bionanotechnology‚3 quantum dots‚4 surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‚5 and applied microbiology. Developments in the organization of
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