Equity has brought benefits to many litigants who would otherwise have been severely disadvantaged by the common law. Discuss‚ with reference to decided cases. William the Conqueror found England with no single system of law common to the whole country. The law was mainly sets of customary rules which differed from area to area. For example‚ in one area you could get away with stealing‚ in another it would be seen as crime. There was no such thing as ‘ The English Legal System” until William’s
Free Common law
criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However‚ criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties
Free Crime Criminal law Criminology
DEBT TO EQUITY PROPORTIONS In building the pool of funds for the business it is important to balance and optimize the proportions of debt and equity. The relationship between total debt and total equity is referred to as leverage or gearing. If there is too much debt‚ a business becomes highly leveraged with the implications of: • Repayment risk. The risk to debt providers increases as there is less of an equity buffer to absorb losses that the business may make. • Interest risk. The interest
Premium Debt
Adams’ Equity Theory Balancing Employee Inputs and Outputs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you pay "peanuts"‚ you may get "monkeys". © iStockphoto/RedBarnStudio Adams’ Equity Theory calls for a fair balance to be struck between an employee’s inputs (hard work‚ skill level‚ tolerance‚ enthusiasm‚ and so on) and an employee’s outputs (salary‚ benefits‚ intangibles such as recognition‚and so on). According to the theory‚ finding this
Premium Employment Motivation Maslow's hierarchy of needs
DEBT AND EQUITY FINANCING PAPER JACQUELYN CREAGH ACCOUNTING 400 THERESA PEKRON August 1‚ 2011 Debt Financing Debt is when one party‚ the debtor‚ owes to a second party‚ the creditor. This usually refers to assets owed but the term can also be used figuratively to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value. Debt is usually granted with expected repayment of the original sum plus interest. The advantages of debt financing are that the company and/or
Premium Debt Finance Corporate finance
EQUITY VALUATION MODELS Equity Valuation -Determining the total value of a company involves more than reviewing assets and revenue figures. An equity valuation takes several financial indicators into account; these include both tangible and intangible assets‚ and provide prospective investors‚ creditors or shareholders with an accurate perspective of the true value of a company at any given time Significance of Equity Valuation Model -Equity valuations are conducted to measure the value of
Premium Stock market Fundamental analysis Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
SEGMENTATION – TARGETING – POSITIONING Fragmentation of mass markets segments Consumers: variety of needs & preferences Marketers: offer variety of choices via multitude of marketing offerings Marketing segmentation: Needs Action Linking market needs to an org’s marketing program Market needs Segmentation/Targeting MM A market segment: Group of consumers with homogenous profile & common needs will similarly respond to a marketing program Segmentation – targeting – positioning 1 Using market-product
Premium Marketing
Journal of Consumer Marketing Emerald Article: Brand communities for mainstream brands: the example of the Yamaha R1 brand community Reto Felix Article information: To cite this document: Reto Felix‚ (2012)‚"Brand communities for mainstream brands: the example of the Yamaha R1 brand community"‚ Journal of Consumer Marketing‚ Vol. 29 Iss: 3 pp. 225 - 232 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363761211221756 Downloaded on: 08-10-2012 References: This document contains references
Premium Marketing Brand
Positioning Strategies in Business Markets An executive summary for managers and executive readers can be found at the end of this article Positioning strategies in business markets Stavros P. Kalafatis Markos H. Tsogas Charles Blankson Professor of Business Marketing‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Senior Lecturer‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Assistant Professor‚ Grand Valley State University‚ Allendale‚ Michigan‚ USA Keywords
Premium Marketing
Text 6. “STP (What is segmentation‚ targeting and positioning)?” Pre-reading discussion: 1. Why has segmentation become one of the leading concepts in marketing? 2. Can STP process be separated or is it a three-step inseparable process? 3. Can positioning be undertaken before targeting? 4. Do you know marketers well-known or even famous for their ideas about STP? Smith (1957) provided an early definition of segmentation: “Segmentation is based on the observation of evolution in demand
Premium Marketing