BIOMOLECULES 1.What are macromolecules? Give examples. Macromolecules are large complex molecules that occur in colloidal state in intercellular fluid. They are formed by the polymerization of low molecular weight micromolecules. Polysaccharides‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids are common examples of macromolecules. 2. Illustrate a glycosidic‚ peptide and a phospho-diester bond. (a) Glycosidic bond is formed normally between carbon atoms‚ 1 and 4‚ of neighbouring monosaccharide units. (b) Peptide
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diffusion through membrane transporters (carrier protein) by means of active transport OR The type of transporter which an animo acids is transported through the epithelial membrane through depends on the R-group attacked to the particular amino acid (structure and combosition) These transporters bind amino acids only once they have bound sodium ions – this is known as coupled transport This coupled transport is through a symport transporter protein which works by transporting the amino acid across
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the migration of proteins (ex: 4% gel vs. 18% gel)? 2. [8pts]Describe the purpose of each loading buffer ingredient added to protein samples for SDS-PAGE analysis (hint- there are 4 ingredients). 3. [45pts]You purified protein X via affinity chromatography (no diafiltration step performed) and ran an SDS-PAGE gel of the sample with a set of controls. Below is the result of your SDS-PAGE analysis. 1 2 3 4 Figure 1. SDS-PAGE of purified protein X. Lane 1‚ Protein ladder (in Daltons)
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myth that it is best to double or triple your protein intake during weight training. In fact‚ fitness experts don’t agree on just how much proteins an individual should
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expressions of P-glycoprotein (a multidrug transport protein) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP-1); increased levels of the cellular detoxification protein‚ glutathione; and changes in the expression of apoptosis associated proteins such as Bcl-2‚ FasL and p53‚ which generally results in promoting cell survival [1‚2‚3‚4]. P-glycoprotein expression is the mechanism mostly associated with classical multidrug resistance (MDR)‚ as this protein is responsible for the active transport of various
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provide compaction of the DNA. Two important DNA bending proteins in crenarchaea are Cren7 and Sul7 (Driessen et al.‚ 2013). They are similar in structure‚ but they have different DNA binding regions (Zhang et al.‚ 2015). Cren7 and Sul7 can be methylated at several lysine residues (Guo‚ 2007). This PTM might be to regulate gene expression (Feng et al.‚ 2010)‚ although the methylation does not alter the DNA-binding affinity of these proteins. It is not clear whether and how these modifications alter
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It must be supplied by the diet. It can be made from fat in the body. It can be made from glucose in the body. Question 3 of 30 Which of the following describes a process in protein synthesis? The code to make a protein is carried by a strand of messenger RNA. The final step in completing the protein is carried out in the mitochondria. The function of transfer RNA is to assist in absorption of amino acids into the cell. The DNA binds to ribosomes and directs uptake of specific
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day’s essentials with goodness from nature Protein is found in every single cell in the body. An important building block for bones‚ muscles‚ cartilage‚ skin and blood‚ high quality protein provides all of the essential amino acids needed by healthy adults and growing children. People who don’t get enough of this important macronutrient will lack energy‚ and they will see their muscles and immune systems weaken. To help people meet their daily protein needs‚ leading direct selling company Amway
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DISTRIBUTION PRESENCE/ABSENCE IN ORGANISMS PROCESSES INVOLVED (functions) BODY STRUCTURE/ ORGAN functionally similar to and why? CELL MEMBRANE Glycoprotein Phospholipids Cholesterol Glycolipids Peripheral protein Integral protein Structural Protein Receptor Protein Transport Protein Outer Side of the Cell - Maintains the physical integrity of the cell. - Forms a barrier between the inside of the cell and the environment outside the cell. Animal Cell‚ Plant Cell‚ Prokaryotic cell and fungal
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system Enzyme: protein that serves as a biological catalyst changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed into a different molecule in the process Enzyme Catalysis: lowers activation energy Exergonic reaction: reactions that yield products that are rich in potential energy. Energy is absorbed form the surroundings as the reaction. Energy is stored in the covalent bonds of the product molecules. Facilitated diffusion: Use of specific transport proteins to move substances
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