Discuss the similarities and differences between the two types of cell death‚ Necrosis and Apoptosis. Both necrosis and apoptosis are the two types of cell death than can occur when a cell has undergone harm or disease. Necrosis is an uncontrolled process in which there is a complete breakdown of cellular homeostatis with a large unco-ordinates breakdown of all cellular constituents. Necrosis can occur due to many factors such as an infection or failure of blood supply (ischemia). Examples of
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Taxol is an anticancer drug produced by extraction from the bark of the pacific yew tree called Taxus brevifolia‚ which was discovered by Harvard trained botanist called Arthur Barclay in 1962 (wall and wani‚ 1995). It was renamed to paclitaxel when it was commercially developed. It is in a form of whitish crystalline powder with a melting point of 216 ºC‚ very insoluble in water‚ highly lipophilic‚ higher protein binding rate and disturbs the structure of the inner part of the cell membrane (Goldspiel
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Nuclei at different stages 1. most vesicular nucleus‚ at interphase 2. Undergoing APOPTOSISnotice blebbing 3. Intermediate condensed nucleus 4. Less condensed nucleus 5. Anaphase 6. MOST CONDENSED Condensed/Hyperchromatic Nuclei: heterochromatin predominates low metabolic rate‚ low activity‚ http://studydroid.com/printerFriendlyViewPack.php?packId=62003 http://www.wadsworth.org/chemheme/heme/microscope/lymphocytes.htm Vesicular Nuclei: euchromatin predominates; indicates high
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autophagy-related 12; ATG5‚ autophagy-related 5; ATG16L1‚ autophagy-related ATG16L1; ALDH1‚ aldehyde dehydrogenase 1; Baf‚ bafilomycin A1; BECN1‚ Beclin 1‚ autophagy related; BCSCs‚ breast cancer stem-like /progenitor cells; CASP3‚ caspase 3; CASP8‚ caspase 8‚ apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase; CTNNB1‚ catenin (cadherin-associated protein)‚ beta 1; CTS‚ cathepsin; EPCAM‚ epithelial cell adhesion molecule; LRP6‚ lipoprotein receptor related protein; LC3‚ microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B; MTORC1
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CELL INJURY: CAUSES OF CELL INJURY‚ MECHANISMS OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY. CELL INJURY. Causes of cell injury range from gross mechanical external causes to mild endogenous causes as genetic lack of enzymes etc. Virtually all forms of tissue injuries start with molecular or structural alterations in cells. Under normal conditions‚ the cells are in: ❖ homeostastatic „steady“ state Normal cell is confined to relatively narrow range of functions and structure by
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Selenium and cancer therapy In the article “Selenium Compounds‚ Apoptosis and Other Types of Cell Death: An Overview for Cancer Therapy”‚ Author Carmen Sanmartin‚ Daniel Plano‚ Arun K‚ Sharma and Juan Antonio Palop point out thtat Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and can cause several types of cell death. Thus‚ it influences positively on many biological functions in human beings and animals. It is important in cancer treatment and prevention. At the beginning of the article‚ the authors
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of p53 for multiple biological functions can be attributed to its ability to act as a sequence-specific transcription factor to regulate expression of over one hundred different targets‚ and thus to modulate various cellular processes including apoptosis‚ cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. The p53 protein with its unique C- and N-terminal structures is rigidly modulated by several important biological processes such as phosphorylation‚ acetylation and ubiquitination‚ through which it effectively regulates
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degradation pathways‚ leading to protein aggregation and accumulation of Lewy bodies. 9. TNF Signaling Pathway TNF has been considered as an anti-cancer agent since its discovery. TNF plays important roles in cell proliferation‚ differentiation‚ apoptosis‚ and modulation of immune responses and induction of inflammation. TNF acts through two receptors‚ TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed by all human tissues and is the major signaling receptor for TNF-Alpha and TNFR2 is mostly expressed in immune
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cells include: the increased expressions of P-glycoprotein (a multidrug transport protein) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP-1); increased levels of the cellular detoxification protein‚ glutathione; and changes in the expression of apoptosis associated proteins such as Bcl-2‚ FasL and p53‚ which generally results in promoting cell survival [1‚2‚3‚4]. P-glycoprotein expression is the mechanism mostly associated with classical multidrug resistance (MDR)‚ as this protein is responsible
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Structure & Function of Biomolecules - Project Work Along the Structure & Function of Biomolecules course‚ you will get the opportunity to study a specific topic related to the course more in-depth in the form of a project work. The work will be conducted in groups of four students‚ and include the search for related information in scientific journals‚ books and on the internet‚ summarize your most important findings in a written report and finally present your work orally to the other students
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