Nihilism: Encyclopedia II - Nihilism - Nihilism in Philosophy Nihilism - Nihilism in Philosophy Though the term nihilism was first popularized by Ivan Turgenev (see below)‚ it was first introduced into philosophical discourse by Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819)‚ who used the term to characterize rationalism‚ and in particular Immanuel Kant’s "critical" philosophy in order to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism (philosophy as criticism) reduces to nihilism
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Hellenistic culture. There various type of changes that occurred during Hellenistic age. It brought about new political and philosophical concepts. Epicureanism held that people could achieve happiness only by withdrawing from public life and‚ through the exercise of reason‚ freeing themselves from all sources of anxiety‚ including a belief in gods. Epicureanism also opened philosophical activity to all despite gender or social condition. Stoicism did so as well through its idea of a world society bound
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Personalistic vs the Naturalistic Viewpoint History is a troublesome word in the English language‚ having a number of meanings and usages. We often use the term without really considering the underlying concepts it represents. We use history to stand for actual events that took place in the past. The view of history as a collection of events‚ a flow of actions and reactions is as old has human curiosity about things happened before their own time. The human mind has always seemed to seek
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Terms and Definitions for Intro to Philosophy TERMS DEFINITIONS aesthetics alienation the study of what constitutes beauty in philosophy‚ a term indicating estrangement of people or things form what is considered their proper state. (German “fear”); a term introduced by existentialist thinkers to describe the feeling of apprehension invoked when a finite individual recognizes his existence in an infinite world‚ when he confronts the void outside his own conscious existence. a
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is a philosopher of the 17th century. After his vision of philosophical insight‚ Descartes realized we have no basis for our knowledge. With his background of a Jesuit education and training in law‚ Descartes began to write. He begins by making his first philosophical claim: the fundamental characteristic of human beings is that we all have an equal ability to reason (Discourse on Method‚ 1). Through Descartes’ meditations and skepticism‚ he hopes people will see through his eyes. He does not want
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fundamental features and properties? Is there a God? Do people really have free will? Moral Moral is the philosophical study of moral judgments and value judgments about what is virtuous‚ just or unjust‚ morally right or wrong and etc. It is the area of philosophy concerned with how we should live our lives. Idea owed to the Sophists. In Greece‚ forward to Socrates‚ Plato Skepticism Relativism Subjectivism Egoism Hedonism Epicureanism Stoicism Plato Aesara Aristotle Aquinas
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philosophers on their journey for understanding. It seems that for as many instances of skeptical scenarios that have been proposed‚ counter theories have also risen. The argument against skepticism presented in this paper is called contextualism and in its varying forms‚ hopes to provide an answer to the issue of skepticism. However‚ this paper is not simply a recitation of contextualist ideas. It also seeks to show the analysis of the theory given by Richard Feldman. To begin‚ an understanding of basic
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of twenty he became an accomplice of socrates - a philosopher. He adopted his style and philosophy‚ which is believed to be the search for truth through questions and answers. After socrates death‚ Plato traveled to Sicily and Egypt to gain philosophical knowledge. He then began to write dramatic dialogues between his teacher socrates‚ and various other people‚ including himself. Plato demonstrates his basis of knowledge by questioning the world based on reasoning of the mind‚ and by using platonic
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The weak skepticism claims that the belief about external world requires a justification that is impossible to provide. Moreover‚ these requirements are so high that the current level of knowledge and cognitive human resources can not be expected that the truth would be found in the near future. Therefore it raises a problem that we cannot meet this standard of justification. Descartes worried that feeling cheated‚ habits changing‚ authorities and scientists contradict each other. He attempted to
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question: “How was everyday life in a concentration camp reflected in the mind of the average prisoner” (Frankl 3). Initially‚ Frankl’s descriptions are psychological in nature‚ however he makes a distinct shift near the end of the book toward a more philosophical account of human experience. This shift is important in Frankls narrative because it demonstrates how maintaining a philosophy that gives life meaning can positively affect human behavior in even the most dire of situations. Without an
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