Research Questions 6 1.5 Hypothesis 6 1.6 Justification of the Study 7 1.7 Delimitations 7 1.8 Limitations 7 1.9 Organisation of the Study 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Problem The Kashmir territorial dispute between India and Pakistan is among the modern world’s longest running conflicts. Since 1947‚ the region has witnessed a recurring series of unstable confrontations. South Asia as a result has being widely considered one of the most dangerously unstable and crisis-prone
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in the year of 1971 but this was a long charted dream of all the Bangles since the fall freedom in the “ Battle of Palashi ” in 1957 . Bangles thought that their dream was going to be materialized during the partition in 1947 . But it appeared in more frustrating way for the negligence of the Pakistan government in all aspects. This latent desire was exposed as a volcanic eruption in 25 march 1971 when Pakistan Army carried a plan
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‘old security’ is uncertain; but for the purposes of this chapter we can agree that the theorists of the New Security see the Old Security as essentially the preservation of any given Westphalian State by conventional military and diplomatic means. India and Pakistan and the other states have defined territories to defend‚ by the providing and equipping adequate military forces to deter or defeat perceived military threats. Their governments are the dominant actors in forging supporting alliances.
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British India was divided into India and Pakistan in 1947 as a part of the decolonization process. But geographically‚ historically and culturally no other two states have so much common as these two states. Unfortunately both stats never became good friends and always engaged in conflicts and disputes. The greatest tragedy was that the deciding feature of this division was religion. Today‚ more than sixty five years after independence‚ the common people as well as the elite of India and Pakistan
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India is a big country with a large population. It is estimated that India’s present population is about 65 crores. Those between the ages of 15 to 35 form more than 50 percent ‘of the total population. For our purposes we count them all as the youth. These comprise students‚ employees‚ workers‚ farmers and persons from various professions including the unemployed—educated or otherwise. These young people con¬stitute a large force. They are energetic‚ enthusiastic and full of zeal. Unfortunately
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and ethical development of any country partly depends upon its national identity. In other words actions of a nation are determined by its identity. As far as Pakistan’s identity is concerned‚ it may be divided into three phases‚ i.e. pre-partition‚ post partition and present day. The term ‘identity crisis’ is used to denote a particular situation where by an individual‚ group of individuals or a nation faces conflicts regarding its identity. These conflicts occur when one’s ideological basis and
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1971 when East Pakistan split off to become Bangladesh is an important one for studying the determinants of industrial performance in the Indian subcontinent. On the one hand‚ despite substantial differences in the industrial policies of Pakistan and India‚ their rates of industrial growth were remarkably similar. On the other hand‚ while Pakistan’s authoritarian institutions had many features similar to contemporary East Asian states‚ in particular South Korea‚ its long run performance was much poorer
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Appendix Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction Pakistan and India‚ the conventional rivals since 1947‚ have fought three major wars against each other since Pakistan’s independence. These both states are still living with a number of conflicts. Based on these conflicts both the countries are more concerned towards strengthening their defense. The defense budget of each state rises with respect to the rise in defense budget of the other state. India has increased military spending by 66% since 2002 and
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traced back to the concept of ‘Vishal Bharat’ or Greater India. Since its independence‚ Indian leaders have exhibited a distinct role consciousness - a deep seated desire to play a central role in the region and in due course assume the status of global power. Of late‚ the rapid build-up of Indian military muscle along with its ambitious nuclear and missile pursuits is also being viewed as a vindication of the role and status consciousness of India. 2. Most political scientists agree that Indian hegemonic
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CNG crisis in Pakistan Pakistani Government receives commission on buying petrol. Therefore‚ it creates an artificial CNG crisis to increase petrol consumption‚ which consequently results in increase of commission. Most vehicles in Pakistan run on CNG nowadays. Pakistan has the greatest number of CNG refill stations and CNG vehicles. But today‚ Pakistan is facing CNG crisis. In Pakistan‚ the greatest amount of CNG is used in the Punjab province‚ which is the country’s largest province with respect
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