therapy. New York: Plenum press. Martindale‚ C. (1991). Cognitive psychology a neural-network approach. Belmont‚CA: Brooks/Cole. McClelland‚ J.‚ & Rumelhart‚ D. (1988). Explorations in parallel distributed processing. Cambridge‚ MA: MIT press. Paivio‚ A. (1986). Mental representations a dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
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EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR VOCABULARY EXPANSION CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction “The limits of my language are the limits of my mind. All I know is what I have words for.” – Ludwig Wittgenstein Active communication in English is what counts in today’s globalized world. It is very important to have large deposit of words. O’Connor explained why large vocabularies characterize executives and possibly outstanding men and women in other
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Theoretical context for your research Edit section Describe which theory‚ which research studies‚ which preparation sessions‚ which offprints‚ this project will be based on. Paivio’s dual coding theory Research studies: Mintzer & Snodgrass (1999); Sternberg et al. (1995) Preparation session: ’Learning word-pairs in a controlled experiment’‚ study week 1 Offprints: Sternberg‚ G.‚ Radeborg‚ K. and Leif‚ R.H. (1995) ’The picture superiority effect in cross-modality recognition’ Memory and cognition
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Research Investigation Images aiding memory Abstract The experiment preformed is based on the dual coding approach of Paivio (1969) the aim of the experiment/study was to determine whether participants were more efficient at memory recall when given a group of proper nouns‚ or when they were given proper nouns with associated images as Paivio believed that these were strongly related. For the experiment a one tailed hypothesis was used‚ this one tailed hypothesis stated that participants would
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nonverbal objects‚ events and language (Paivio‚1991‚2006).Thus‚ verbal e.g language‚ text‚ audio‚ and non-verbal(visual‚image-based‚pictorial)‚information are processed through different channels. Similar to Paivio‚ Baddeley and
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Abstract The present articles focus is on the effect of verbal and visual stimuli on memory. Verbal and visual stimuli have profound influence on our cognitive processes and perception. Twenty participants were split into 2 groups‚ 10 picture accompanied and 10 non-picture accompanied. The non-picture group were read a list of 10 words (5 concrete and 5 abstract) and then asked to free recall. The picture group were also read a list of 10 picture accompanied words (5 concrete and 5 abstract)
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a healthy emotion when it is expressed appropriately (Greenberg & Paivio‚ 1997). Unfortunately many people have expressed their frustration of feelings and anger in an inappropriate way and end up hurting themselves or the people they love. That is why anger has always been seen as associated with many serious negative consequences‚ such as aggressive behavior‚ family violence‚ substance abuse‚ and physical health problems (Paivio‚ 1999). Despite a long history of interest in some other negative
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learning in personality to predict performance in the workplace. Phoenix Publishing Inc.‚ United States of America. Kizlik‚ Bob (1997) “Educational Psychology How to Study and Make Most of Your Time”. Phoenix Publishing Inc.‚ United States of America. Paivio‚ Arnel (2000) Imagery and Verbal Processes. New York: Holt‚ Rinehart‚ and Winston. Katha Publishing Inc.‚ Quezon City. Preston‚ Ralph M.(1999) Teaching Study Habits and Rinehart from the university of Mary land. Phoenix Publishing Inc.‚ United States
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Is language an instinct? Before discussing this question‚ the definition or area of language should be considered first. Many introductions to the study of language‚ linguistics‚ avoid giving a definition‚ or consider it to be so obvious that it does not need to be defined (Harley‚ 1995). According to Gleason and Ratner (1998)‚ one of the properties attributed to language is that it is a uniquely human behaviour. Pinker (1994:334) points out that: nonhuman communication systems are based
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learning exhibit increased Potter‚ M. C.‚ & Faulconer‚ B. A. (1975‚ February 6). Time to understand pictures and words Paivio‚ A.‚ Rogers‚ T. B.‚ & Smythe‚ P. C. (1968). Why are pictures easier to recall than words? Psychonomic Science‚ 11‚ 137–138. Paivio‚ A.‚ & Csapo‚ K. (1973). Picture superiority in free recall: Imagery or dual coding? Cognitive Psychology‚ 5‚ 176–206 Paivio‚ A. (1976). Imagery in recall and recognition. In J. Brown (Ed.)‚ Recall and recognition (pp Nelson‚ D. L.‚ Reed‚ V
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