In 1973‚ Zimbardo carried out an experiment to investigate how readily people would conform to new roles by observing how quickly people would adopt the roles of a guard or prisoner in a simulated prison. Zimbardo took healthy male volunteers and pain them $15 per day to take part in the two-week simulation study of prison life. Volunteers were randomly chosen to be either guards or prisoners. Local police helped “arrest” 9 prisoners at their homes without warning; they were then taken and blindfolded
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Outline and evaluate research into the duration of memory (12 marks) Peterson and Peterson researched into the duration of the STM. They used trigrams and asked their participants to recall them after a retention interval‚ the retention interval was different every time. They found that after 3 seconds participants could recall about 90% correctly but after 18 seconds only 2% could be recalled correctly. Peterson and Peterson concluded that the STM has a limited duration and when rehearsal is
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Outline and evaluate sociological views on the role of the family in society (33 marks) There are three main different sociological view points on how sociologists view the family these are Functionalist‚ Marxist and Feminist Views. The functionalists think the role of the family is extremely important and that the nuclear family is the best form‚ they think the nuclear family runs more smoothly as they learn the correct norms and values so our society can live in a consensus
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Outline and evaluate the biological model of abnormality (12 marks) The biological model of abnormality is the idea that all behaviour is rooted in underlying physical processes. The biological model of abnormality assumes that there is a physiological reason for psychological disorders. The disorders are considered an illness and supposedly make a person with these ’disorders’ abnormal. The model indicates that mental illnesses resemble physical illnesses and are thought to be treated in a similar
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Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality The psychodynamic approach to abnormality assumes that unconscious desires and memories influence behaviour and may lead to abnormality. It claims that personality develops in the childhood through a number of psychosexual stages and that too much or too little pleasure at one of these can lead to fixation and abnormal behaviour. For example‚ between the ages of two and four‚ children are in the anal stage- too much focus on holding in
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Outline and evaluate the evolutionary theory of attachment Bowlby came up with this theory and believed that attachment is innate and adaptive. His theory states that we are born with an inherited need to form an attachment in order to help us survive. This involved Darwins theory of natural selection as any behaviour that helps you survive will be kept in the gene pool. In terms of humans‚ babies are helpless and rely completely on the primary caregiver which is normally the mother. Interestingly
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studies can be problematic as it is hard to disentangle nature and nurture. It has been suggested that MZ twins are treated more alike and share more similar environments than DZ twins due to them acting more like ’one’ person rather than two separate people. This may affect how alike they are and how likely they both are to express aggression. However‚ there are gender differences involved in twin studies. Button et al studies 258 twin pairs and found that both aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial
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Outline and evaluate one theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby’s theory is an evolutionary theory because‚ in his view attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of its survival value and‚ ultimately‚ its reproductive value. According to Bowlby‚ children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver because attachment has long-term benefits. Both attachment and imprinting ensure that a young animal stays close to a caregiver who will feed and protect the young animal.
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Outline & Evaluate The Multi-Store Model Of Memory (12 Marks) The multi-store model of memory is widely renowned as the definitive concept of how our memory works‚ through inter-connected stores. We encode information into our sensory memory by using incoming stimuli (our five senses)‚ our sensory memory is very limited‚ allowing us to only store around 2 items‚ for as little as 1 or 2 seconds. If however‚ we pay attention to the information that has been encoded into our sensory memory‚ it then
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Outline and asses the feminist explanations of gender inequalities (40) Feminists believe that women are unequal to men‚ and the different groups think it is down to different reasons. Liberal feminists think it is because it is down to gender role socialisation. Marxist feminists believe it is down to capitalism. Radical feminists think women are not equal to men because of relationships within the home‚ and black feminist think they are unequal not just because they are women‚ but also because
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