DIRECT EXPORTING METHODS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Agents • Agents provide the most common form of low cost direct involvement in foreign markets. • They are independent individuals or firms who are contracted to act on behalf of exporters to obtain orders on a commission basis and do not take ownership of the goods. • They typically represent a number of manufacturers and will handle non-competitive ranges. • They agree to meet certain targets and are expected to contribute towards
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Standardization versus Adaptation in International Marketing Introduction The most challenging decision that a company may face in internationalization is the degree of standardization or adaptation in its operations. The question of standardization or adaptation affects all avenues of a business’ operations‚ such as R&D‚ finance‚ production‚ organizational structure‚ procurement‚ and the marketing mix. Whether a company chooses to standardize or adapt its operations depends on its attitudes
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Discuss the advantages / disadvantages of standardized international marketing Advantages Standardization is the process by which a company makes it methods‚ especially its production processes‚ uniform/identical throughout its organization. Whereas for adaptation‚ a company would change their methods such as the price‚ promotion‚ packaging and/or the product itself in order to fit the needs and preferences of the market or a particular country. Adaptation occurs when any element of the marketing
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Research Skills ‘The effect of marketing on individual’s buying decisions’ Research There are various factors that companies must consider when they research a customer’s buying behavior. These include the customer’s personality‚ gender‚ self-concept and their state of life. Self Concept: By tailoring their marketing strategy to give the message that a product or service will improve our lives‚ customers believe that they are bettering themselves by buying these products. The Army’s “Be All
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following weights: ① Attendance 15% Students are expected to attend class and participate in discussions‚ unless prevented by sickness or some other legitimate circumstances. Missing class will affect your overall understanding of marketing communications and will have a strong negative impact on the participation portion of your grade. If you know beforehand that you will miss a class‚ please notify me in advance. Any absence without leave won’t be permitted. ② Exam 70% (midterm 35% + final
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worth to the customer. 2. Pricing decision is usually viewed as a way to recover cost‚ but we need to take the customer into the account/ consideration. The price could be higher than customers are willing to pay for that product. 3. The major factors affecting price are: a. Marketing Strategy b. Customer perceived Value c. Competition d. Cost 4. Role of Marketing Strategy in Pricing a. Price should be consistent with the pricing strategy. b. Target market decision affects price because prices
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Significance of Understanding Culture in International Marketing Cultural Impact on International Marketing Process and In Particular Consumer Decision Making Deval Khandal CONTENT * International Marketing – An Introduction * Marketing Environment * Culture * Values * Heroes * Rituals * Symbols * Formation of Individual’s Cultural Value System * Consumer Ethnocentrism * Elements Contributing Culture * Political Element * Economic
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Identify the main stages of the decision making process in the purchase of a two bedroom apartment. Identify the factors that may influence your decision. The Buyer Decision Making Processes are undertaken by consumers in regard to a potential market transaction before‚ during and after the purchase of a product or service. Research suggests that customers go through a five-stage decision-making process in any purchase. Need Recognition and Problem Awareness Information Search Evaluation
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Guys/Tough Towns Elements of a “Tough Guy” Novel Being a tough guy is not an easy job. There are unique and brute characteristics that are expected to come with any “tough guy” image. A tough guy needs to be daring and adventurous‚ have a mysterious persona‚ and of course have the ability to not only start fights‚ but also finish them. Aside from the tough guy’s visceral features‚ not all of them are heroes‚ or even good people at all. However‚ there is one specific element that all tough guy novel’s
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............................................................................................................................................... International Business Strategy & Success Factors in an Emerging Economy: A study of IKEA’s Expansion to China 1. Introduction: IKEA and a Semiglobalised World There is a Chinese proverb that says‚ "when the wind rises‚ some people build walls; others build windmills." The business world has and continues to see a ‘wind’ rises in the world economy‚ it
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