Diffusion‚ Osmosis‚ Active Transport There are two ways in which substances can enter or leave a cell: 1) Passive a) Simple Diffusion b) Facilitated Diffusion c) Osmosis (water only) 2) Active a) Molecules b) Particles Diffusion Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms‚ ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is uniform throughout. Some major examples of diffusion
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thermoregulation works because if the temperature falls below normal the body will initiate a response such as shivering‚ however as the temperature returns to normal the corrective mechanism will be reduced. Similarily negative feedback also controls Osmoregulation‚ if osmoreceptors detect change in the concentration of the blood‚ for example it may be too high the hormone ADH is released which targets the distal convulated tubule‚ causing it to become more permeable to water so that more is reabsorbed into
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Animal Biology - Study Guide 2013 Professor: Marty Leonard Room 4060 LSC e-mail: mleonard@dal.ca Below you will find textbook readings and a summary of the lecture material for each of the seven lectures in the Animal Biology unit. I would be pleased if you read through each chapter‚ however‚ I will only test you on the lecture material that corresponds to the sections of the textbook that I indicate below. You will notice that in some of the assigned sections there is material that
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change 3 Which organelle release oxygen? (a) Ribosome (b) Golgi apparatus 4 Which of the following human cells lack nuecleus? (a) WBC (b) RBC (c) Muscle cell 5 6 7 8 9 Which organelle is called ‘digestive bag’ and why? Why is osmoregulation is necessary in aquatic organisms? How does cell to cell movement of water takes place in plants? What are the differences between cell wall and cell membrane? What is prokaryotic cell? Differentiate between prokaryotic cell & eukaryotic cell
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move with a synchronous motion (like a caterpillar). There is also a deep oral groove containing inconspicuous compound oral cilia (as found in other peniculids) used to draw food inside. They generally feed on bacteria and other small cells. Osmoregulation is carried out by a pair of contractile vacuoles‚ which actively expel water from the cell absorbed by osmosis from their surroundings. Paramecia are widespread in freshwater environments‚ and are especially common in scums. Recently‚ some new
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-Proximal‚ distal tubules‚ and loop of Henle contribute to Reabsorption -Collecting duct also helps in Reabsorption -Mammalian’s kidney’s ability to conserve water is considered an important adaptation -Antidieretic hormone is important in osmoregulation -Made in hypothalamus and released when osmolarity in blood rises above certain point -ADH acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts by increasing their permeability to water -Causes more water Reabsorption -Is turned off through
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pellicle. The pellicle‚ which is made of protein‚ lies just next to the cell membrane. Its "wiggling" motion can also be used to move the euglena Excretion (methods used to get rid of wastes) Amoeba possess a contractile vacuole for excretion and osmoregulation . Undigested food is excreted by exocytosis . Some wastes wastes‚ and CO2 are excreted through the plasma membrane by diffusion feed on micro-organisms like bacteria‚ algae‚ and yeasts. In order to gather its food the paramecium uses its cilia
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Vitamins and Minerals General Concepts: * Divided into two major groups: fat soluble and water soluble * fat soluble: A‚ D‚ E‚ K * requirements vary with species‚ size‚ growth rate‚ environment (temperature‚ presence of toxins‚ etc.) and metabolic function (growth‚ stress response‚ disease resistance) * many species can utilize intestinal bacteria synthesis for meeting vitamin requirements Vitamin
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evolved morphological‚ anatomical and physiological adaptations to obtain‚ process‚ transport and store raw materials and energy under varying conditions. capture and conversion of radiant energy to chemical energy takes place in chloroplasts (chloroplasts are localized in specialized tissues) products of photosynthesis are used in respiration‚ growth‚ repair‚ maintenance‚ storage. energy consuming reactions must take place for the substances of photosynthesis to be transported around the plant
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and the salinity will increase. The crab would have to be adapted to cope with these changes in salinity‚ otherwise‚ as the concentration of salt in the water around it changes‚ it will gain or loose mass due to osmosis. Through the process of osmoregulation‚ the crab is able to maintain a constant water balance in its body‚ but to do so requires energy and this could be measured by an increase in the respiration rate. This is what I am going to investigate. Aim: To determine whether the respiratory
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