Public Borrowing Public borrowing defined Public borrowing is money government borrows to fund public spending‚ the total amount of money that a country’s central government has borrowed to fund its spending on public services and benefits.[1] Public debt - the total of the nation’s debts: debts of local‚ state‚ and national governments; an indicator of how much public spending is financed by borrowing instead of taxation. [2] Origin of Public Borrowing [4] Mercantilist Period (1500-1750)
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Financial Public Relations What is Financial PR? Simply put‚ communicating with the financial public is known as financial public relations. But‚ then‚ if all publics are equal in the eyes of PR‚ how do some publics come to gain special importance with the same PR? In fact‚ these special publics are quite sizeable in number and form dominant groups in the domain of financial public relations. They matter more to the organization although no PR and management can ignore any public‚ and effective
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Causes for loss of public enterprise What is enterprise ? The term “enterprise” has two common meanings: Firstly‚ an enterprise is simply another name for a business. we often come across this word when reading about start-ups and other businesses…“Simon Cowell’s enterprise” or “Michelle set up her successful enterprise after leaving teaching” etc. Secondly‚ and perhaps more importantly‚ the word enterprise describes the actions of someone who shows some initiative by taking a risk by setting
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The functions of Public Relations (PR) can be grouped into two loose categories: organizational and societal. Many viewpoints of the functions fall into both categories and are not mutually limited. The scope of organizational functions of PR involves actions concerning the company‚ and societal functions of PR interests ’ activities regarding society. Organizational functions of PR are activities that interact with or affect organizations while societal functions of PR have to do with actions that
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of this Disaster and Public Health Policy is to describe our County’s approach to response and recovery activities related to emergencies and major disasters. It establishes the policies and procedures by which the our county will coordinate with local‚ state‚ and federal agencies to response to disasters that affect this county. Additionally‚ it will describe the county’s response in six major areas of disaster response as well as describe how the county will implement new and emerging technologies
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Introduction Public Administration has come to occupy a central place in the complex and fast changing modern society. Its scientific study is concerned with the role of administration in such a society. Its actual role consists in the provision of services and regulation of inter-group relations in society. Maintenance of law and order‚ defence‚ welfare of society‚ application of science and technology‚ and eradication of poverty in the developing countries engage the attention of Public Administration
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Public relation (PR) is active managing of communication of an organization or business to create and maintain a positive image. Public relation involves popularizing successes‚ downplaying failures‚ announcing changes‚ and many other activities. The term Public Relations was first used by the US President Thomas Jefferson during his address to Congress in 1807. Today “Public Relation is a set of management‚ supervisory‚ and technical functions that foster an organization’s ability to strategically
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MEANING OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES As state earlier‚ the business units owned‚ managed and controlled by the central‚ state or local government are termed as public sector enterprises or public enterprises. These are also known as public sector undertakings. A public sector enterprise may be defined as any commercial or industrial undertaking owned and managed by the government with a view to maximize social welfare and uphold the public interest. Public enterprises consist of nationalized private sector
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ECOLOGY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DUE DATE: 21/12/2012 “Public administration is the machinery as well as the integral processes‚ through which the goverment performs its functions” nnoli(1986;165).The term public administration which is composed of two words namely: public and administration.Where the word public refers to all the issues to with the nation and its citizens of that
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Functions of Public Relation It has been reported that Public Relations or PR is the art of managing communication between an organization and its key publics to build‚ manage and sustain a positive image (“”‚ 2006)‚ and is an important function in the desire of any business organization or company to establish its reputation and brand image to its target market. For this reason‚ it is essential to determine the several functions of public relations‚ categorized as organizational and societal. This
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