isotopes. 9. The _____________________ of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the ___________________ of the atom. 10. The mass number is used to calculate the number of ____________ in one atom of an element. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the _________________ from the _____________________. 11. Give the symbol of and the number of protons‚ electrons and neutrons in one atom of: a. Lithium B. Neon C. Potassium ___________________ ______________________
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number of protons (atomic number) corresponding to the chemical behavior of that element. However‚ the isotopes of a single element vary in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. Since they still have the same number of protons‚ all these isotopes of an element have identical chemical behavior. But since they have different numbers of neutrons‚ these isotopes of the same element may have different radioactivity. An isotope that is radioactive is called a radioisotope or radionuclide. Two examples
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When atoms collide‚ the mass released as particles of neutrons can be used to produce nuclear energy. The law of conservation of mass establish that mass cannot be either created or destroyed‚ it can be converted into something else. So the mass “lost” in the reaction can be put into the equation where E= mc^2 to measure how much energy is being produced in the reaction. Since the mass of the isotope is partially lost as a particle of a neutron which gives rise to the energy generated according to
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The Atomic and Nuclear Structure of an Atom The atom has three main components the protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons. The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus‚ while the electrons are found outside the atom’s nucleus. Each component of an atom has a charge to it. The protons have a positive charge. The electrons have a negative charge‚ and the neutrons have a neutral charge. The atoms also have a charge. For example hydrogen can be negative‚ positive or neutral. These are called
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History of the Atomic Model Just as we once believed that the earth was flat‚ our understanding of the atom was once extremely limited. As time passes‚ we begin to discover more and more about the world we live in. We have come to know much about the atom over the past two hundred years through the work of numerous brilliant scientists. Throughout history‚ scientists have come up with many experiments and atomic models to explain the atoms all around us‚ all leading up to our modern understanding
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float around in a positive charged “pudding” b. Nuclear Model- atom is mostly empty space. All the positive charge and almost all the mass is concentrated in a small area in the center‚ called the nucleus. Nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons c. Planetary- electrons orbit the nucleus like planets d. Quantum-atom is found inside a blurry electron cloud 11. Scientists – Thomson‚ Rutherford‚ Millikan‚ etc. Democritus- He believed that atoms were
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1. What are the six regions of the Sun? The Sun’s regions are the core‚ the radiative zone‚ the convective zone‚ the visible surface‚ the chromospheres‚ and the corona. The core‚ radiative zone‚ and convective zone make up the interior of the Sun. The visible surface‚ chromosphere‚ and corona make up the exterior of the Sun. 2. What is nuclear fusion? What role does nuclear fusion play in the Sun? Nuclear fusion happens when two atomic nuclei combine to form one heavier nucleus. Since the majority
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binding energy of the deuteron. Is it therefore reasonable to ignore electronic binding energies when doing nuclear calculations? 2. A neutron star (which is predicted to be formed in a supernova explosion) consists only of neutrons held together by the gravitational force. Using reasonable assumptions and stating what they are‚ calculate the mass of 10 cm 3 of neutron star material and compare this with the mass of the same volume of water. 3. Determine the binding energies per nucleon for the nuclides
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where nuclear forces come into play. It is the “Hydrogen Atom” of nuclear physics. It may also be viewed as the simplest odd-odd nucleus‚ having one proton and one neutron. It exhibits features which require the use of a number of new concepts such as exchange force‚ tensor force etc. Of three possible states of two nucleon system‚ di-neutron‚ di-proton‚ and deuteron only deuteron is known to be stable. Since there are only two particles in the nucleus‚ the deuteron problem can be reduced to a one body
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your seatbelt and we’ll take a cruise into the quantum mechanical hood to check it out. Pay attention to the scenery along the way so you’ll be up to speed when we get there. Matter is composed of atoms. Atomic nuclei are tightly bound protons and neutrons (1H excepted) with electrons hanging out in the electron clouds around them. Also‚ there are chemical bonds between atoms in a lot of different kinds of matter. These bonds involve the borrowing and loaning of electrons (the so-called ionic bonds)
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