Introduction Extraction is a purification technique used in organic chemistry to separate compounds from a mixture of two or more compounds. There are three different extraction techniques: liquid-liquid extraction‚ solid-liquid extraction and chemically active extraction. All three types of extraction follow the same principle. Organic molecules dissolve in organic solvents and polar molecules dissolve in aqueous solvents. This phenomenon is observed because of the intermolecular forces between
Premium Solubility Solvent Chemistry
possibilities. Materials: 1. Depression plate 2. Sharpie marker 3. Dropper bottles: 1M hydrochloric acid‚ 1M sodium hydroxide‚ ammonia‚ vinegar‚ distilled water 4. pH indicator dropper bottles: bromothymol blue‚ red litmus paper‚ methyl orange‚ phenolphthalein Procedure: 1. Number the wells in the depression plate form 1-6 with the sharpie. 2. Into each well on the depression plate‚ add 10 drops of the following substances: a. Well 1: 1M hydrochloric acid b. Well 2: 1M sodium hydroxide
Premium PH indicator PH
Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Organic Compounds James Matthew Jocson*‚ Gianvittorio Lanta‚ Chiqui Ann Llamado‚ Jeron Manaig College of Science Department of Biology University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Five oxygen-bearing organic compounds were given namely Methanol‚ 2-propanol‚ tert - butanol‚ formalin‚ and acetone. Different tests were done to each sample to differentiate their characteristics. These test were Dichromate test‚ Tollens Test‚ DNPH test‚ Iodoform Test‚ and Lucas
Premium Alcohol Ethanol Aldehyde
Title : Measuremnt of pH With Indicators Aim : 1.To investigate concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acic and colour changes of indicators 2.To determine standard solutions and the unknowns Variables Independent variable : Concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid.The presence of hydrogen ions is varied by using 5 different concentration of hydrochloric acid of 0.1mol/L‚0.01mol/L‚0.001mol/L‚0.0001mol/L‚0.0000mol/L Dependent variable : Colour changes of indicators
Free PH Hydrochloric acid PH indicator
| 1.8 | | | 12.90 | 14.40 | 1.5 | | | 14.40 | 15.90 | 1.5 | | Methyl Orange | 15.90 | 16.90 | 1.0 | Reaction occurred quick‚ over-titration occurred and solution turned from red to orange | | 16.90 | 17.20 | 0.3 | | | 17.20 | 17.40 | 0.2 | | | 17.40 | 17.60 | 0.2 | | | 17.60 | 17.80 | 0.2 | | Methyl Red | 0.00 | 5.00 | 5.0 | | | 5.00 | 7.80 | 2.8 | Solution turned from red to a light orange/yellow color | | 7.80 | 10.70 | 2.9 | | | 10.70 | 13.60 | 2.9 |
Premium PH indicator Sodium hydroxide Titration
indicator is added to the solution‚ they bind to hydrogen or hydroxide ions. The different electron configurations of the bound indicator cause the indicator ’s colour to change. Some common indicators are: universal indicator‚ phenolphthalein‚ methyl orange‚ litmus‚ bromothymol blue. However‚ there are some indicators that are found in nature in the form of plant pigments known as anthocyanins‚ which change colour over different pH ranges‚ depending on source. For example red cabbage juice will
Premium PH indicator PH Acid
test for the presence of acids or bases in a substance. Some are available in paper form (litmus) and others in liquid form (methyl orange). INDICATOR | COLOR IN ACID | COLOR IN BASE | LITMUS | RED | BLUE | PHENOPTHALEIN | COLORLESS | PINK | METHYL ORANGE | RED | YELLOW | SCREENED METHYL ORANGE | RED | GREEN | BROMOTHYMOL BLUE | YELLOW | BLUE | THE pH SCALE The strength of an acid or base is indicated by
Premium Acid PH indicator PH
Monosaccharide also called SIMPLE SUGAR‚ any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is‚ they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (-OH)‚ and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose). The carbonyl group combines in aqueous solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-ketal). Monosaccharides are
Premium Carbohydrate Glucose
Flowers Used for Dye Hollyhocks Hollyhock‚ or Alcea rosea‚ petals are available in varying shades from nearly white to almost black. The dyes made from these petals range in color from bright green to greenish brown depending upon how the blossoms are prepared. According to Rakhi Shanker and Padma S. Vankar from the Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing in Kanpur‚ India‚ a substance such as alum or other metal salts is used to make the dye stay on the fabric without quickly washing out.
Premium Color Green Brown
used. The reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids will produce esters. Apparatus: Stopper‚ dropper‚ test tube‚ stopwatch‚ water bath‚ measuring cylinder (10ml) Chemical Reagents: Ethanol‚ n-Butanol‚ 2-Butanol‚ Alcohol X‚ Lucas reagent‚ 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ Concentrated H₂SO₄‚ 0.04 M Na₂Cr₂O₇‚ Glacial acetic acid Procedure (a) Lucas
Premium Alcohol Ethanol Carboxylic acid