Experiment #8 – properties of Alcohols and Phenols Introduction As has been mentioned before‚ over 20 million organic compounds have been identified. If each substance had to be studied as an entity completely separate from all the other substances‚ the study of organic chemistry as a whole would be impossible; that is to say‚ even more impossible than you currently believe it to be. Fortunately‚ the subject can be organized and it is often organized around the concept of the functional group
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Introduction Extraction is a purification technique used in organic chemistry to separate compounds from a mixture of two or more compounds. There are three different extraction techniques: liquid-liquid extraction‚ solid-liquid extraction and chemically active extraction. All three types of extraction follow the same principle. Organic molecules dissolve in organic solvents and polar molecules dissolve in aqueous solvents. This phenomenon is observed because of the intermolecular forces between
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Grignard Reaction: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Dominic DiRaimo Lab Partners: Roxana Hernandez Somata Thach TA: Sreya Mukherjee December 5‚ 2013 Introduction Grignard reagents are good nucleophiles as well as strong bases (Weldegirma). It allows compounds to react with acidic compounds‚ therefor is must be free from acids as well as water during the desired reaction. Another important aspect of Grignard reagent is that refluxing is necessary to
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prevent water from interfering with the Grignard reaction. Purity of the product was determined by measuring the melting point. Reagent Table: Structure Name Molecular formula Molar mass Density Melting point Boiling Point Diethyl ether C4H10O 74.12 g mol− 0.7134 g/cm3‚ liquid -116.3 °C‚ 157 K‚ -177 °F 34.6 °C‚ 308 K‚ 94 °F Bromobenzene C6H5Br 157.01 g mol−1 1.495 g/cm³‚ liquid -30.8 °C (242.35 K) 156 °C (429.15 K) Phenylmagnesium bromide C6H5MgBr 181.31
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an alkyl‚ cycloalkyl‚ or aryl halide and magnesium metal in dry ether. The reaction is shown below in figure 1. Figure 1: Formation of a Grignard reagent The Carbon bonded to the metal is both a strong nucleophile and base. The Carbon with the carbanion character can participate in nucleophile reactions
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Iodine can also be added to the reaction. The iodine lies on the magnesium and acts a catalyst to help initiate the reaction. Scheme 1. Formation of the Grignard reagent. The entire formation of the Grignard reagent takes place in diethyl ether. Diethyl ether prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from reacting with
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through repeated washing‚ or percolation‚ with an organic solvent such as hexane or petroleum ether‚ under reflux in a special glassware. Copra‚ dried kernel of the coconut‚ was the sample used. Often though‚ the sample must be ground and prepared prior to the extraction procedure in order to break up the cell membranes and other structures that would make extraction difficult. In this experiment‚ petroleum ether was used as the solvent due to its low boiling point‚ relatively non-toxic nature (when compared
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Grignard Reaction: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Hai Liu TA: Ara Austin Mondays: 11:30-2:20 Abstract: In this experiment‚ phenylmagnesium bromide‚ a Grignard reagent was synthesized from bromobenzene and magnesium strips in a diethyl ether solvent. The Grignard reagent was then converted to triphenylmethanol‚ a tertiary alcohol with HCl. The reaction for phenylmagnesium bromide was: The reaction for Grignard to triphenylmethanol was: In the formation of the Grignard reagent
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moisture was present then set up for reflux with a dropping funnel to equalise pressure and a jack to allow easy removal of apparatus from heat. Magnesium turnings (2.68g)‚ anhydrous diethyl ether (15 cm3)‚ a crystal of iodine and a stirrer bar were added to the round bottomed flask (250 cm3) and anhydrous diethyl ether (25 cm3) and dry bromobenzene (15.7g) were added to the dropping funnel‚ ensuring tap was closed. Dropping funnel was opened slightly allowing a small amount of bromobenzene
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extraction‚ sublimation and recrystallization will be used to separate a mixture of salicylic acid and naphthalene. The first part of extraction will be to separate the salicylic acid from the naphthalene using diethyl ether and aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The naphthalene will reside in the ether and be the top layer‚ while the salicylic acid resides in the sodium bicarbonate bottom layer. The two solutions will be separated and a solid crude substance will be collected from both. Then the method of
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