Experiment Separation of Organic Compounds by Acid-Base Extraction Techniques 5 A commonly used method of separating a mixture of organic compounds is known as liquid-liquid extraction. Most reactions of organic compounds require extraction at some stage of product purification. In this experiment you will use extraction techniques to separate a mixture of an organic acid‚ a base‚ and a neutral compound. Organic acids and bases can be separated from each other and from neutral compounds
Premium Acid Sodium hydroxide Solubility
Molar Mass: 18.06 g/mol Melting Point: 0 °C Boiling Point: 100 0C Density: 1.0g/cm3 -------------- Diethyl ether Recrystallization solvent colorless liquid with a sweet‚ characteristic smell Molar Mass: 74.12 g/mol Melting Point: - 116°C Boiling Point: 35 0C Density: 0.7134 g/cm3 Easily ignited‚ Harmful by ingestion‚ inhalation or through skin contact. Petroleum Ether Salt out aspirin from the solvent Colorless liquid Molar Mass - Melting Point-40 ̊C Boiling Point
Free Aspirin Acetic acid Acetic anhydride
All parts of experiment done under hood Experimental The procedure for this experiment appears on pages 4 and 5 on hand lab #6 Preparation of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane-An Sn1 Reaction [1]. In this experiment‚ the instructor requested that 4 ml diethyl ether be added to the solution in the conical vial after step 4 to help better see the difference between the organic and aqueous layer. During step 4‚ NaCl(aq) was also available‚ and was used instead of water. The last test involving NaI was not performed
Premium Alcohol Functional group Chemical reaction
Questions: 1. Write a mechanism for the Grignard reaction of benzophenone with phenylmagnesium bromide. Be as complete as possible and show electron flow for all steps. 2. Explain the special role of ethereal solvents like diethyl ether in the formation of Grignard reagents. 3. Triphenylmethanol can be prepared from phenylmagnesium bromide via several different Grignard reactions. Identify two other electrophiles (aside from benzophenone) that will react with PhMgBr to
Premium Magnesium Oxygen Carbon
Abstract This experiment is about the synthesis of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde through nitration. The nitration of benzaldehyde is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction‚ in which a proton of an aromatic ring is replaced by a nitro group. Many aromatic substitution reactions are known to occur when an aromatic substrate is allowed to react with a suitable electrophilic reagent‚ and many other groups besides nitro may be introduced into the ring. Although the reaction produced a low
Premium Electrophilic aromatic substitution Nitration Benzene
Introduction In this experiment‚ exo-norborneol was produced by a hydration of alkenes by using an acid and excess water. Hydration of alkenes is the acid-catalyzed addition of water to a carbon-carbon pi bond that leads to the formation of an alcohol. Norbornene is a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon‚ this molecule contains a double bond that induces significant ring strain‚ and therefore‚ it is highly reactive. In order for this reaction to occur‚ equilibrium must be established between the hydration
Premium Chemistry Sodium chloride Concentration
liquid-liquid extraction often involves a number of processes. First‚ the component mixture is dissolved in a suitable solvent and a second solvent that is immiscible with the first solvent is added (e.g.‚ two solvents that are immiscible are diethyl ether and water). Next‚ the contents are thoroughly mixed (shaking) and the two immiscible solvents allowed separating into layers. The less dense solvent will be the upper layer‚ while the more dense solvent will be the lower layer. The components of
Premium Solubility Acetic acid Solvent
Introduction Reduction/Oxidation (Redox) reactions are ones that change the oxidation state of a compound. The oxidation state refers to the acquired charge (gained or lost electrons) of an element in relation to its original charge (i.e. S + 2e- S2+); in a compound‚ the overall oxidation state is calculated by adding all the charges of the elements present. The addition of electrons makes the element “reduced” and the loss of electrons is called “oxidized”. These reactions can be carried out
Premium
experiment‚ the apparatus used are micro test tubes and droppers for mixing purposes and Bunsen burner‚ clay triangle‚ crucible and cover for the ignition test. The reagents used in this experiment are: copper nitrate‚ ethanol‚ ethanoic acid‚ diethyl ether‚ 5% HCl‚ concentrated sulphuric acid‚ litmus paper‚ acetic acid‚ sucrose‚ methylamine‚ benzoic acid‚ 5% NaOH‚ 15% HCl‚ butyl bromide‚ buteraldehyde‚ nitro phenol‚ propanone‚ 5% NaHCO3‚ and phenolphthalein. This experiment is quite simple but it
Premium Sulfuric acid Chemistry Functional group
salicylic acid‚ and naphthalene. An appropriate organic solvent is used to create the ether phase. Diethyl ether is used because it has low solubility in water but will dissolve the components of the mixture (creating liquid layers)‚ is not acidic or basic‚ is less dense than water‚ and can be easily removed by evaporation. To begin the separation‚ the student needs to produce a salt that is water-soluble‚ so that the ether phase can separate from an aqueous phase. To accomplish this‚ dilute HCl is added
Premium Solubility Chemistry Solvent