Chemistry Chapter 13 Outline Condensed phases: the liquid and solid phases; phases in which particles interact strongly. 13.1 Gas condensed when cooled and compressed. In the liquid state the forces of attraction among particles are great enough that disordered clustering occurs. It is hard to compress a liquid. Liquids diffuse into other liquids with which they are misicible. The natural diffusion rate is slow at normal temperatures. Cooling a liquid lowers its molecular kinetic energy. Solidification
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the molar mass of the unknown given to us in the lab. We were tasked with finding the molar mass of an unknown compound using the colligative property of Freezing Point Depression. The way we did this was first finding the temperature at which ice crystals form for just regular BHT. Luckily thanks to our TA we were given temperature probes so we could pinpoint exact temperatures. We found that the temperature at which crystallization of BHT was 68.9 Celsius in our lab. After finding temperature of
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E:\CC_Software\Workbench\CC-MW-CD\part2\phasechange\page3.cml 1. Record the average number of dashed lines there are per atom of each liquid. the average number of dashed lines are 3-4 per atom 2. Describe the motion of atoms and molecules in a liquid. the atoms are tight and compact‚ they bounce off of each other. they generally dont leave a certain section of the liquid‚ and stay in the same area. 3. How far do the atoms in a liquid appear to travel? Press the "Randomly pick an atom and show its trajectory" button‚ take a snapshot
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The differences in the characteristics of states of matter are given in the following table. S. No. | Solid state | Liquid state | Gaseous state | 1. | Definite shape and volume. | No definite shape. Liquids attain the shape of the vessel in which they are kept. | Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. | 2. | Incompressible | Compressible to a small extent. | Highly compressible | 3. | There is little space between the particles of a solid. | These particles have a greater
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muslin. Liquid: Put 1 cm3 of the liquid food sample into test tubes. -grease spot test: A drop of liquid food sample was added to a filter paper and was let to dry for 5 minutes. The filter paper was held up to the light and any translucent spot was observed. The filter paper was put into an organic solvent. it was taken out and let to dry The filter paper was examine against light again. (positive result – translucent spot disappears) -Clinistix paper: A drop of liquid food
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The solute is the substance that dissolves. The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. Solutions are homogeneous and do not show the tynall effect. E.g. salt and water. Suspensions They are heterogeneous mixtures of a solid and a liquid in which the solid does not dissolve. Suspensions will settle when left undisturbed. Suspensions will show the tynall effect. E.g. sand and water Colloids They are mixtures with characteristics part way between solution and suspension. Colloids
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Objective: The purpose of experiment of density determination is to determine the densities of regularly shaped object and irregular shaped solids as well liquids. Density equal mass over volume. Materials Used: Materials used in this experiment was a regular shaped object and irregular shaped object and a ruler to take the measurements of the object. A graduated cylinder and electric beam balance were used to measure the volumes and masses of the object. As well 5-20% concentrated were
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Chemistry Lab Report Practical #1 Title: The Densities of Liquids and Solids Date: 29th of August 2014 Session: Friday 1 p.m. Student’s name: Alua Sarybay Lab partner’s name: Gulzhauhar Nurdildayeva Tutor’s name: Eugene Douglass Introduction The matter can be observed by determining‚ measuring and monitoring its chemical and physical properties. In this experiment the densities of liquids and solids will be determined. The density is an intensive property of matter that does not depend
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assumed to be negligible. Variables and Parameters: ‚ Mass of bulk liquid; ‚ heat capacity; ‚ Temperature of bulk liquid; ‚ flow rate of heat transfer fluid in jacket; ‚ heat capacity of heat transfer fluid in jacket; ‚ jacket inlet temperature; ‚ jacket outlet temperature‚ ‚ overall heat transfer coefficient times area. Balance Equations: where‚ Pilot Plant Data: The following data relating bulk liquid temperatures to the jacket temperature is available from pilot plant tests
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Ruan Solid Molecules are tighly packed and harder than liquids and gases. Examples: Ice‚ Coal‚ Salt Amorphous solid-a solid which has a disordered atomic structure. Examples: Glass‚ Rubber Liquids flowing freely but of constant volume. Examples: Water‚ Mercury‚ Alcohol Viscosity-a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. Surface tension-the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize the surface area. Surface tension can
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