Calcium oxalate (CaOx) being a major inorganic constituent of human kidney stones‚ contributes around 70-80% of the kidney stone. In India‚ approximately 5-7 million patients are suffering from kidney stone disease [6] (Kaladhar et al.‚ 2012). Urinary oxalate is found to be a major factor for calcium oxalate stone formation. As the molar ratio of oxalate-to-calcium is normally 1:10‚ slight changes in urinary oxalate concentration may
Premium Medicine Health care Enzyme
Review of Related Literature Calamondin or Clamansi‚ Citrofornella microcarpa‚ belong to the fruit tree family Rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a small‚ round lime‚ a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail‚ about 30 mm (an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits‚ the calamansi is high in vitamin C‚ and the juice can be an excellent vitamin basis. The lively ingredient D-limonene destroys the wax coating of the insects’ respiratory system
Premium Sodium chloride Ion Orange
hydrogen chloride has properties: Hydrogen chloride has one molecule of hydrogen and one molecule of chlorine: Hydrogen chloride has a very powerful smell. It is in the form of a gas but only when it is at room temperature which is approximately 25 Celsius and when the pressure is high. The solubility of hydrogen chloride is very high this means that it can dissolve in water quickly because it dissolves many times in its own solution (the gas form of hydrogen chloride). It is very soluble because
Premium Oxygen Water Atom
Title: Prep of t-Butyl Chloride via SN1 Reaction Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize tert-butyl chloride via an SN1 reaction. t-Butyl Chloride was synthesized from t-Butyl Alcohol using hydrochloric acid in separatory funnel; isolation of t-Butyl Chloride was done under distillation conditions. The experiment resulted in 8.29grams of purified compound‚ which is a 66.27 percent yield. Procedure: As per handout with changes Equation: Mechanism: Results: (Scan
Premium Solvent Alcohol Distillation
Dr. Eidell October 24‚ 2014 Preparation and IR Analysis of 2-chloride-2-methylbutane Line Reaction Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to react 2-methyl-2-butanol with concentrated HCl in order to form 2-chloride-2-methylbutane. The hydrogen for the HCl make the -OH from the 2-methyl-2-butanol into a good leaving group because H2O is formed. The H2O leaves and Cl- is free to bond with the carbocation creating 2-chloride-2-methylbutane. The materials needed for the lab were an Erlenmeyer
Premium Hydrochloric acid Chemical reaction Chemistry
Copper Chloride Lab Report Procedure Part A: 1. Pick up the container of copper chloride dehydrate‚ and observe material. Describe crystals in detail‚ and write down all of the observations. Part B: 1. Take a 100 ml beaker and fill ¼ of it with water. Use a spatula to add some copper chloride dehydrate to the beaker filled with water. Record the observations. Be sure to observe the water and the copper chloride dehydrate. 2. Stir the contents in the beaker with
Premium Aluminium Scientific method Observation
From the experiment‚ it was determined that Sodium chloride had a crystalline structure‚ even after being broken into smaller pieces with a hammer. Even though there was two different types of Sodium chloride‚ coarse and fine‚ they still had a symmetrical‚ three-dimensional shape. All ionic compounds have this structure. It was also found that Sodium chloride had a high melting point and sugar had a low melting point. This is because Sodium chloride is ionic and the bonds holding it together take much
Premium Chemistry Water Atom
Calcium Everyone needs to take care of its body as it is the only place you have to live in – living healthy life is the passion of people and spend much money but ever you thought what is the important ingredient of healthy lifestyle? Calcium is the most abundant mineral of the body and found naturally in many items that strengthen your bones‚ teeth and ensure other body systems work properly – you can get calcium from food but some people need to take medical supplements to enrich their body with
Premium Nutrition Vitamin Health
Experiment 10: Solubility Product for Calcium Hydroxide GOAL AND OVERVIEW A saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 will be made by reacting calcium metal with water‚ then filtering off the solids: Ca(s) + H2O → Ca(OH)2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) The concentration of dissolved hydroxide will be determined by acid-base titration with standardized HCl solution. The Ksp for Ca(OH)2 will be calculated from the experimentally determined saturation concentration of hydroxide. Objectives of the data analysis understand
Premium Chemistry Solubility Sodium hydroxide
the Solubility of Calcium Hydroxide Apparatus * Solid calcium hydroxide * 0.4 mol/dm hydrochloric acid * Distilled water * Pipette * Triple valve rubber pipette filler * Conical flask * Beaker * White tile * Clamp and stand * Methyl orange indicator Producing the calcium hydroxide solution 1. Roughly fill a beaker with 200cm³ of distilled water. This does not need to be accurate because samples will be taken from this. 2. Add solid calcium hydroxide‚ a spatula
Free Titration Laboratory glassware PH indicator