John Heger CMY 211 Lab Section 13 11-30-2011 Borohydride Reduction of Vanillin to Vanillyl Alcohol Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to reduce vanillin to vanillyl alcohol. This lab report recaps the procedure and results of the lab. The chemical process studied in this lab was reduction‚ the process of reducing the number of bonds to oxygen and increasing the number of bonds to hydrogen. Other chemical processes included in the lab were recrystallization‚ melting point‚ and extraction
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experiment was to synthesize divanillin. This was done via the oxidative dimerization of two equivalents of vanillin‚ using enzyme horseradish peroxidase as the catalyst. Procedure: Lab Handout: Nishimura‚ R.T.; Giammanco‚ C.H.; Vosburg‚ D.A. J. Chem Educ. 2010‚ 87‚ 526-527. Discussion: Mechanism: Reaction 2 Vanillin H2O2 Divanillin 2 H2O Molar Mass 152.15g/mol 34.02g/mol 302.28g/mol 18.02g/mol Starting amount
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al (2006) Chemistry Contexts 2 HSC Edition‚ Pearson Education Australia‚ Melbourne. Malone‚ J. (2008) Ethyl Vanillin. [Internet]. Available from: http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/ethyl_vanillin.html 4 May 2011. Peterson‚ W. (2010) Forensic Science: Characterisation/Analysis of Physical Evidence. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.wavesignal.com/Forensics/ 6 May 2011. Rhodia. (2009) Vanillin GPS Safety Summary. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.cefic.org/Documents/IndustrySupport/RHODIA%20GPS%20Safety%20Summary
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insoluble in cold water. **Caution: Should not touch NaBH4 directly with skin. Result and CalculationMass of aldehyde #1 (starting material) = 0.3999 gMass of alcohol #1 (product) = 0.1573 g alcoholTheoretical yield = 0.3999 g vanillin x (154.17 g alcohol/152.15 g vanillin) = 0.4052gPercentage yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%= 0.1573 g alcohol/ 0.4052 g alcohol = 38.8%Solvent system chosen = ethyl acetate and hexane in 9:1 ratioMelting point range of alcohol #1 = 108oC -109oCObservationWhen
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The Totonac people‚ who inhabit the Mazatlan Valley on the Gulf Coast of Mexico in the present-day state of Veracruz‚ were the first to cultivate vanilla. According to Totonac mythology‚ the tropical orchid was born when Princess Xanat‚ forbidden by her father from marrying a mortal‚ fled to the forest with her lover. The lovers were captured and beheaded. Where their blood touched the ground‚ the vine of the tropical orchid grew.[3] Drawing of Vanilla from the Florentine Codex (circa 1580)
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percent of the population was affected with IDD‚ according to the goiter prevalence survey done by Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI).Selected ReferencesDepartment of Health. Guidelines for Salt Iodination for IDD Elimination Training Modules‚ 1994. Mannar‚ V. Salt Iodination-Part 2: Iodination Techniques. IDD Newsletter‚ 1988. Suwanik‚ R.‚ et al. Simple Technology Provides Effective IDD Control at the Village Level. IDD Newsletter‚ 1989. | Mechanical Chalkdust Dispenser | AbstractThe
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Hydrocarbon – Alcohols • Ethanol - 92.3% by weight of ethanol‚ 94.9% by volume. - 70 % which is used as local antiinfective • Diluted Alcohol - 48.4 % to 49.5% used as solvent • Brandy - distillation from wine • Whisky - fermented malted grain • Rum fermented molasses Product of Reductive Metabolism • Mannitol • Ash Manna • Fraxinus ornus – Oleaceae • Osmotic diuretic • Laxative Product of Reductive Metabolism • Sorbitol- Mountain ash • Sorbus aucuparia Rosaceae • Half as sweet as
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Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Peter Konn Mountain State University Chemistry 302 7/31/12 Abstract This paper looks to delve into the chemistry behind ketones and aldehydes as well as related compounds. The endeavor involved looking into the way their bonding influences how they react. It also considers the simple physical properties of these compounds including their reaction with other compounds‚ chemical structures and formulas. The paper also looked to
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PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY LAB I Experiment 2 Separation Of Mixtures INTRODUCTION A mixture can simply be defined as a substance that is made up or consists of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically combined but that have not reacted chemically to form new substances. A mixture may be a solid‚ liquid‚ gas‚ or some combination of those states. Mixtures can be found almost every wher in our everyday lifes and some common examples are * sand and water * salt and water
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determine which of the four sample perfumes where imposter and which were real‚ components present in each perfume were analysed using gas chromatography and compared to the known real perfume sample. The components identified for comparison included vanillin‚ 3-penten-2-one‚ diethyl phthalate and cyclopentanaecetic acid. The relative concentration of each of the components in the samples was calculated for comparison. In the control sample‚ the relative concentration of each of these components
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