Introduction to the OSI Reference Model The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defined the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model to standardize networking of devices from different vendors. The OSI reference model is mostly an architecture blueprint that networking and computer device manufacturers implement. The OSI model has never been implemented exactly as defined. The TCP/IP protocol stack is the closest implementation available today. Application Layer (7)
Free OSI model Internet Protocol Suite Data Link Layer
1. INTRODUCTION TO BORDER TOWN STUDY Borders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions‚ such as governments‚ states‚ federated and other subnational entities. Other borders are partially or fully controlled‚ and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Some‚ mostly contentious‚ borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. Some borders require presentation of legal paperwork like passports and visas
Premium Economics Border Economy
Sage Publications‚ London. Clarke‚ N. (2004)‚ ‘HRD and the challenges of assessing learning in the workplace’‚ International Journal of Training & Development‚ Vol. 8‚ No. 2‚ pp. 140-156. Chen‚ J. (2003)‚ ‘Analysis of Human Resource Market in Chinese international trade industry’‚ Haidian University Journal‚ Vol. 63‚ No. 3‚ pp. 38-41. Chen‚ T. and Xue‚ R. (Eds) (2002)‚ International Trade‚ UIBEP‚ Beijing. Crick‚ D. AND Chaudhry‚ S. (1997)‚ ‘Small businesses’ motives for exporting the effect
Premium Qualitative research Human resource management
Marketing and Reference Groups All the groups that contribute to the buying behavior of a consumer are known as reference groups. (Bhasin 2010) Consumers may use products or brands to associate with or try to become part of a group e.g. people may feel they need to wear Nike or Adidas to feel part of a fitness group or the gym demonstrated by Vroom with behavior modification. They look at what people in the particular reference group look at and consume and conform to the criteria to make their
Premium Brand Marketing Advertising
TITLE: What plagiarism is and how to avoid it. Contents Page 1. Introduction --------------------------------------------------3 2. Main body heading------------------------------------------3 2.1 What is plagiarism?-------------------------------------3 2.1.1 Group plagiarism.--------------------------------3 2.2 How to avoid plagiarism?------------------------------4 2.21 In the individual assignment. -----------------4 2.22 In group work--------------------------------------4
Premium University Citation University of Oxford
Reference Letter Format Salutation If you are writing a personal letter of reference‚ include a salutation (Dear Dr. Smith‚ Dear Mr. Jones‚ etc.). If you are writing a general reference letter‚ say "To Whom it May Concern" or simply don’t include a salutation. Paragraph 1 The first paragraph of the reference letter explains your connection to the person you are recommending‚ including how you know them‚ and why you are qualified to write a reference letter to recommend employment or graduate
Premium Writing Noun E-mail address
Harvard Reference Example: As in many countries‚ consumers in Australia have recently had to accommodate increases in the costs of basic food (Webb & Leeder 2007‚ p. 7). During the financial year 2007–2008‚ overall food prices rose 3.9%‚ while some basic food prices rose more sharply: cheese by 14.2%‚ milk by 12.1%‚ poultry by 11.0% and bread by 6.8% (ABS 2008). Food cost plays a significant role in mediating food choice among low socio-economic status (SES) groups‚ who often have to reduce food
Premium Food security Food Australia
How to Avoid Plagiarism Plagiarism is a growing problem in universities (Matheson & Starr 2013) and becoming too common in the scientific world (Ober et al. 2012). Hence it is important for students as well as researchers to know how to avoid plagiarism. Before discussing the ways to avoid plagiarism‚ this paper discusses the definition‚ the types and reasons for plagiarism. “Copying’ or “borrowing” someone else’s words or ideas may perhaps be the more inoffensive way of explaining plagiarism
Premium Citation Plagiarism Writing
EROSION IS. B. IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF EROSION AFTER THE PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY. C. POINT OUT THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF EROSION TO THE SOCIETY. D. CONSTRUCT A PARAGRAPH THAT EXPLAINS EROSION PREVENTION. II. SUBJECT MATTER TOPIC: EROSION REFERENCE: SCIENCE AND HEALTH 6‚ INTERNET MATERIALS: SOIL‚ TUPPERWARE‚ WATER‚ GLASS SKILLS: READING‚ SPEAKING‚ WRITING VALUES: STRATEGY: COLLABORATIVE AND COOPERATIVE STRATEGY III. PROCEDURE: A. PREPARATORY ACTIVITY 1. PRAYER 2. CHECKING
Premium Erosion Soil Lesson plan
Avoid these two start-up pitch „fatal errors‟ Writing on the Business Insider War Room‚ Tim Berry‚ president and founder of Palo Alto Software and a co-founder of Borland International‚ observes that there‟s plenty of good advice available on how to make a pitch‚ but a dearth of information on how not to pitch. In particular‚ he warns start-ups about “two fatal errors I‟m seeing pretty frequently these days”: 1. It’s not about you. Understand the pitch as a medium. It‟s about what investors want
Premium Strategic management Entrepreneurship Management