Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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Chapter 25 Process of fossilization · Moving water can suspend sediment – inorganic particles · Moving water fills into still body of water o Sediment flats to the bottom o Forms a layer o More layers form with different compositions on the bottom of the lake or ocean · Living things in the ocean die and get buried in the sediments in the ocean · A lot of weight and pressure pushing down · The organic material is replaced by rocks – mineralization resulting
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(Ags): Innate and Adaptive Immunity- Collaboration NTTH-HCMIU-IMMUN-2013 Introduction to IMMUNOLOGY What is Immunology? What is Immune System (IS)? Immunology is the study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. Foreign macromolecule/ Antigen –--- Immunogen: e.g. virus protein‚ worm‚ parasite Everything that should not be in my body Immune System: Molecules‚ cells‚ tissues and organs which provide nonspecific and specific protection against
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Macromolecules The four macromolecules that are essential to life are Carbohydrates‚ Lipids‚ Proteins‚ and Nucleic Acids. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen. It provides energy for the body‚ especially the brain and the nervous system. The food sources are in sugar and grains. Lipids Lipids are made up of hydrogen‚ carbon and oxygen. It provides Energy storage‚ acting as structural components of cell membranes‚ and hormone production
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Ribosomes - protein synthesizing machines d. Lysosome - breaks down intracellular debris e. Cell membrane BUT NO CELL WALL Structure of a Plant cell a. Thylakoids - site of light-driven ATP synthesis b. Vacuole - degrades and recycles macromolecules c. Cell Wall d. Chloroplasts; but also have mitochondria ** Difference b/t Prokaryotic & Eurkaryotic cells Prokaryotic Cell a. generally small (1-10 nanometers) b. DNA w/ nonhistone protein; genome in nucleoid‚ not surrounded by
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Plant Cell Plant cells are eukaryotic cells or cells with membrane bound nucleus. Generally‚ plant cells are larger than animal cells and are mostly similar in size and are rectangular or cube shaped. Plant cells are similar to animal cells in being eukaryotic and they have similar cell organelles. What is a Plant Cell? Back to Top Plant cells are eukaryotic cells i.e.‚ the DNA in a plant cell is enclosed within the nucleus. The most important distinctive structure of plant cell is the presence
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affect how they interact with other molecules. 11. How do you build a polymer? How do you breakdown a polymer? Build by dehydration from monomers and take out wather‚ break down by hydrolysis add water to form monomers 12. Know the 4 major macromolecules. Here are some important things you should know from each category. a. Carbohydrates- Glucose‚ alpha-glucose-starch‚ beta-glucose-cellulose‚ monomer: monosaccharides‚ polymer:
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Advanced Physiology Study Questions for Chapter 1 1. Describe the organizational hierarchy of humans from cells to organ systems. 2. Describe the locations and specialized functions of the four basic cell and tissue types. 3. Describe the composition and function of the extracellular matrix. 4. Name the body water compartments and identify the structures that partition these compartments. 5. Define homeostasis. 6. Define dynamic constancy. 7. What term is used to describe the steady
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Nucleus contain DNA replication and synthesizes RNA‚ while ribosome synthesizes polypeptides (proteins). Organelles that involved in distribution and breakdown of molecules includes Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. Golgi apparatus transport and sort macromolecule and also form lysosomes (in animal)‚ where it serve as a recycling centers for animal cells. Finally‚ Mitochondria function in energy processing‚ where it covers chemical energy in food to energy of ATP. On the other hand‚ prokaryotic cells are
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characteristic of living things? a. Living thing use energy b. Living things maintain themselves c. Living things have the capacity to reproduce d. Living things are part of populations that remain constant from one generation to the next 2. The macromolecules made from carefully folded strings of amino acids are a. Proteins b. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Nucleic acid 3. One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is a. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus‚ whereas eukaryotic cell do not b
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