Basic Chemistry Why are we studying chemistry? • Biology has chemistry at its foundation Elements • All matter composed of basic substances called elements • Living organisms require about twenty of the known elements Together‚ carbon‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen and oxygen make up 95% of the elements found in the body. Atoms • All elements made of tiny particles called atoms • Made up of: – Nucleus • contains protons (+ charge) and neutrons (no charge) – Outside the nucleus • Contains
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Week 2 Quiz Which of these is NOT one of the four general categories of cells that make up the human body? collagen cells muscle cell neuron connective tissue cell epithelial cells What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types? homeostasis differentiation positive feedback genomics acclimatization If a person begins to sweat upon entering a hot room but continued sweating is able to keep the body temperature constant‚ which of these best
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elements‚ Hydrogen and Oxygen. It is non-toxic and under normal temperature and pressure is colourless‚ odourless and transparent liquid which is regarded as the source of human life It is the most common substance of our planet and not only it is essential for human survival but also an important part of the organism. Sources of water Natural sources ( rivers‚ lakes‚ sea water‚ ground water‚ atmospheric water‚ etc.) Artifial sources ( chemically produced by the reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen
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magnesium salt and hydrogen. For example: Mg + 2HCl Mg + H2SO4 MgCl2 + H2 MgSO4 + H2 I discovered from an A’ level text book (A-level Chemistry by Ramsden) that nitric acid doesn’t usually give hydrogen‚ but may do with magnesium if the acid is cold and dilute. The book didn’t say how dilute the acid had to be. Other products may include oxides of nitrogen. I know that some acids are weak and some are strong. A strong acid is one which ionises fully in solution to give hydrogen ions and‚ for example
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Tables: Hydrogen Step B: Describe the zinc and acid reaction. As placing a small piece of Zn(mossy zinc) metal into the test tube containing the diluted HCI(Hydrochloric Acid) solution‚ gas bubbles rose from the solution slowly at the beginning and vigorously in process of time. As this reaction continued for a long time‚ transparent solution turned into white opaque color and black precipitates were formed and floated. Step G: Record your observations with the flame and the hydrogen gas. When
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substances is called chemical equation. Example: In this equation‚ A and B are called reactants and C and D are called the products. Arrow shows the direction of chemical reaction. Condition‚ if any‚ is written generally above the arrow. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen‚ it gives water. This reaction can be represented by following chemical equation. In first equation words are used and in second symbols of substances are used to write the chemical equation. For convenience‚ symbol of substance
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1. (a)Correct the following statements. (i) The melting points of crystalline and amorphous solids are not definite. The melting point of an amorphous solid is not definite. OR The melting point of a crystalline solid is definite. P Ps X solute . Ps P Ps The equation for relative lowering of vapour pressure when solute remains normal is X solute P (iii)The degree of ionization decreases with dilution. The degree of ionisation increases with dilution. (iv) Tertiary butyl halide
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The IUPAC system of naming is different from the common system‚ because it uses a series of prefixes and suffixes to name a certain compound. This system is also highly favored because its way of naming compounds is not only easier to understand and unambiguous‚ but it is also usually shorter than the common way. The IUPAC system’s uses include naming binary compounds between a metal and nonmetal‚ naming binary compounds between two nonmetals‚ naming polyatomic ions‚ and naming acids and bases
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Energy: Nuclear Fusion‚ Hydroelectric‚ and Hydrogen Fuel Cells In today’s world‚ where everyone owns an electronic appliance‚ energy is an extremely valuable resource and in high demand. Though in the past this energy was provided by burning fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas‚ this way of providing energy can’t last much longer due to the dwindling amount of fossil fuels and the damage it causes to the environment. Therefore‚ scientists have been searching for new ways of providing energy
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fusion. Nuclear fusion is a reaction where matter is forced together and the nuclei are fused together. This is how the first start was born when hydrogen atoms were fussed together to create helium. After this many more starts and a lot more elements were created. Stars start there life as a cloud of gas called a nebula. Mainly consisting of hydrogen and helium. The gases will then be drawn to a centre point of gravity which will then create a protostar. And then the nuclear fusion in the core
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