ABSTRACT One of the most difficult marketing decisions facing companies is how much to spend on promotional schemes. John Wanamaker for a departmental store magazine‚ said‚ "I know that half of my advertising is wasted but I don’t know which half." Thus it is not surprising that industries and companies vary considerably in how much they spend on promotion. Promotional expenditures might amount to 30-50% of sales in case in cosmetics industry and only 10-20% in the industrial equipment industry
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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is designed to provide a broad measure of changes in retail prices experienced by Malaysian households as a group and should not be expected to exactly reflect the experience of any individual household. Laspeyres formula is used for calculating the index which is based on items that are locally consumed reflecting the spending habits of the average Malaysian. Thus the CPI is seen as a general indicator of the change in retail prices paid by households for goods and
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Proposal. How Does Branding Affect Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions? 1. Introduction Branding is an important element in business. Without a brand‚ customers have to explain to the sellers in detail about the products that they want‚ while sellers may be confused or give the wrong products to the customers. Therefore‚ it can be assumed that brand acts as a sign‚ name or symbol for the products and services. The main aim of the brand is to identify the products or services of a seller or groups of
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084-313237 (Hunting Line) Fax : 082-236830Email : sales@pcimage.com.myOfficial Site: www.pcimage.com.my | Dear Sir/Madam : Re : Quotation for ASUS Notebook (X44H-VX262) Regarding your request‚ we are pleased to quote you the price as below : Particulars | Qty | Unit Price | Amount | Specifications Processor | Intel® Core™ i3 2370M | Operating System | Genuine Windows® 7 Home Premium(optional RM299) | Chipset | Intel® HM65 Express Chipset | Memory | 2GB DDR3 SDRAM‚4 x SO-DIMM socket
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| Giant Consumer Products (GCP) | | | | A. Situation Analysis: 1. Context: In early September’08 Giant consumer Products‚ Inc. (GCP) realized that Frozen food division‚ which had been growing at 2.8% (compounded annual growth) rate since 2003 to 2007 and accounted for almost 33% of GCP’s overall business volume‚ is not doing well now. The sales as well revenue volume is around 3.9% behind the target. Most specifically marketing margin (key parameter for GCP business) was also
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1. Discuss the ethics of promotions and the ways how marketers could avoid or protect themselves against promotion snafu. Marketers need to follow the right guidelines in order to promote or advertise their products. For Malaysia‚ we had The Advertising Authority (ASA) that was established in 1977 to provide independent scrutiny of the then newly created selfregulatory system set up by the industry. Their main tasks are to promote and enforce high ethical standards in advertisements‚ to investigate
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A CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN PURCHSING A CAR Research suggests that customers go through five stages in making decision on any purchase (The Engel‚ Blackwell and Miniard‚ 1990). The economic buyer theory published by South-Western college in 1997 () explained that all customers have full information‚ make comparison‚ are rational‚ they have limited resources to satisfy their limitless needs‚ and they want to maximise satisfaction (page). A person who intends to purchase a car‚ go through
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Trying to determine how consumers make decisions is at the core of strategy for marketers as the work to maneuver the various principles of marketing. Consumers have their own maneuvering to do as they seek to determine which products and services to buy or not buy‚ which brands to use‚ and which brands to ignore. This paper will examine the major decision-making elements that guide the decision making processes used by consumers and to provide clarity when attempting to find the right mix of variables
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Introduction Consumer behaviour is defined as the behaviour that consumers display in seeking‚ purchasing‚ using‚ evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their personal needs. Consumer behaviour includes how consumers think (their mental decisions) and feel‚ and the physical actions that result from these decisions (the purchase). [7] Abraham Maslow’s "hierarchy of needs" theory identifies the higher-order needs (ego needs and self-actualisation) and lower-order
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International Journal of Business and Management September‚ 2008 Comparative Analysis of Rural and Urban Indian Consumers’ Attitude towards Foreign Products Jagwinder Singh (Corresponding Author) Lecturer (Senior Scale)‚ Dept. of Management‚ Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (Deemed University) Jalandhar-144011‚ Punjab‚ India Tel: 091 98885 03708 E-mail: jagwinpandher@yahoo.co.in B B Goyal Reader‚ University Business School‚ Panjab University Chandigarh-160014‚ India Tel: 091
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