Soil formation‚ or pedogenesis‚ is the combined effect of physical‚ chemical‚ biological and anthropogenic processes on soil parent material. Soil is said to be formed when organic matter has accumulated and colloids washed downward‚ leaving deposits of clay‚ humus‚ iron oxide‚ carbonate‚ and gypsum. As a result‚ horizons form in the soil profile. These constituents are moved (translocated) from one level to another by water and animal activity. The alteration and movement of materials within a soil
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MANIPULATION OF BACTERIA INTRODUCTION: In this experiment that we performed‚ there were many methods that were used to help us manipulate and identify the bacteria E.coli on a MacConkey agar plate. The first part of the experiment involved the methods of manipulating‚ identifying and counting the bacteria and the second part was to find out whether the bacteria E.coli was the only type found in the given area by gram staining. E.coli was the chosen bacteria for this type of experiment. It is
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Soil and its types: What is the Soil? ‘Soil’ is the thin layer on the surface of the Earth on which the living beings survive. Soil is the layer which is composed with many substances; in this layer various plants have their roots. Soil is made of many substances like weathered rock particles‚ and decayed plant and animal matter. Soil is made of diverse materials like broken down rock particles and organic material. There are different types of soil and various ways to classify it. Classification:
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What Is Soil Pollution? [pic] What Is Soil Pollution? Soil pollution results from the build up of contaminants‚ toxic compounds‚ radioactive materials‚ salts‚ chemicals and cancer-causing agents. The most common soil pollutants are hydrocarbons‚ heavy metals (cadmium‚ lead‚ chromium‚ copper‚ zinc‚ mercury and arsenic)‚ herbicides‚ pesticides‚ oils‚ tars‚ PCBs and dioxins. Until the 1970s‚ there was little talk of soil pollution and its devastating effects. In the 1980s‚ the U.S. Superfund was
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CE 353 Geotechnical Engineering Dr M. Touahmia 6 Soil Compaction Lecture Outline: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. General Principles Standard Proctor Test Factors Affecting Compaction Modified Proctor Test Field Compaction Measurement of Field Compaction Special Compaction Techniques Textbook: Braja M. Das‚ "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering"‚ 7th E. (Chapter 6). 1 General Principles What is compaction? • Many types of earth construction‚ such as roads‚ railways
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Kenneth R. Sagum May 7‚ 2013 FR1 NATSCI1 “Effects of Soil Erosion in the Philippines” The soil is among our most precious resources‚ yet we often take it for granted or destroy it by making it susceptible to soil erosion. In the Philippines‚ for example‚ 22 provinces had been reported to have "alarming" soil erosion rate. Among those that had been losing their topsoil were Cebu‚ Batangas‚ Marinduque‚ Ilocos Sur‚ and La Union. This means that 58 per cent of the country’s total
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Cheese: A Home to Bacteria “Cheese is just a means of controlled spoilage‚” said Steve Jenkins‚ a Master Cheesemonger at Fairway Market. (Cheese) Bacteria‚ or starter cultures‚ control the flavor‚ hardness‚ type‚ and many more aspects of cheese. The two main strands of bacteria involved in cheese making are Lactococcus and Lactobacillus‚ which ferment sugars found in the milk. Humans have learned to manipulate bacteria and the fermentation process to produce different types of cheese such as Swiss
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CHAPTER 8 Soil Compaction Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction of roads‚ airfields‚ embankments‚ and foundations. The durability and stability of a structure are related to the achievement of proper soil compaction. Structural failure of roads and airfields and the damage caused by foundation settlement can often be traced back to the failure to achieve proper soil compaction. Compaction is the process of mechanically densifying a soil. Densification
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three major causes of soil erosion: overgrazing‚ over cultivation‚ and deforestation. Together‚ these three problems cause more problems by creating unsustainable societies. Luckily‚ overgrazing‚ over cultivation‚ and deforestation can be fixed and the unsustainable society becomes a sustainable one. Overgrazing is when there are more animals in comparison to land‚ meaning that there isn’t as much food for the animals to eat‚ like grass and plants. When this happens‚ the soil becomes bare and exposed
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Podzols In soil science‚ podzols (also known as podsols or Spodosols) are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests. They are also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and headlands in southern Australia. The name Podzol is derived from the Russian words pod = under and zola = ash. Characteristics of Podzol soils - Deep organic layer comprising L (litter)‚ F (fermenting organic matter) and H (humus) forest‚ less under moorland - An ash-grey‚ structure less‚ silica rich E or elluvial
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