called gram stain is used in the identification of bacteria. Bacteria can be gram-positive‚ gram-negative‚ or gram-variable. Most bacteria however‚ are usually gram-positive or gram-negative. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria react differently to staining because of the differences in their cell walls. Bacterial cell walls contain a polymer called peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria have more of this polymer than gram-negative bacteria. They are also less complex than gram-negative cell
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Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soil (Referenced Document: ASTM D 4318) OBJECTIVE: To determine the plastic limit and plasticity index of soil. APPARATUS AND SUPPLIES Evaporating dish Spatula Ground-glass plate—at least 30 cm (12 in.) square by 1 cm (3⁄8 in.) thick for mixing soil and rolling plastic limit threads Balance (with accuracy to 0.01 g) Containers Oven PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN Select a 20-g portion of soil from the material prepared for the liquid limit
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Types of Soil & Their Uses Soil is a complex system of organic and inorganic matter that directly and indirectly supports plant and animal life. It is comprised of minerals‚ nutrients‚ water‚ microorganisms and decomposed living matter that provide the essential elements required to sustain growth. The soils of different geographical areas differ in chemical makeup‚ structure‚ pH value‚ texture and color. Soil makes the basis of the ecosystem and performs functions essential for the survival
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Introduction Although bacteria is microscopic in size‚ it is largely important in the healthcare field‚ environmental work‚ food preparation‚ as well as many other industries. In particular‚ it is essential that healthcare workers be able to identify the species of bacteria invading a human reservoir in order to prescribe the correct antibiotic that will kill that species. For the purpose of bacteria identification‚ numerous tests have been devised to find out the exact species in question. However
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accumulated under water for tens to thousands of year. Decomposition or humification involves the loss of organic matter either in gas or in solution‚ the disappearance of physical structure and the change in chemical state. Peat is generally found in thick layers in limited areas‚ has low shear strength and high compressive deformation which often results in difficulties when construction work is undertaken on the deposit. Peat represents the extreme form of soft soil. It is an organic soil which consists
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Soil conservation includes all such measures which protect the soil from erosion and restore its fertility. These measures are of two types-(a) small measures to check soil erosion at local or even individual level‚ and (b) large measures at government level involving larger area and heavy investment. (a) Small Measures-These include afforestation‚ regularised land strip cultivation or contour farming or terrace farming in hilly areas‚ use of stubble mulch system‚ increasing cohesiveness of the
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"Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria” was aired on October 22‚ 2013. Frontline investigates the increasing amount of potentially deadly antibiotic resistance bacteria. Answer the questions below. Episode can be viewed at: HYPERLINK "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/hunting-the-nightmare-bacteria/"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/hunting-the-nightmare-bacteria/ What is community associated MRSA? MRSA infections in healthy people who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure
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1. INTRODUCTION The stability and life of any structure – a building‚ an airport‚ a road‚ dams‚ levees – depend on the stability‚ strength‚ and deformation of soils.[1] Unfortunately‚ due to the uncertainties of the world’s natural materials‚ the study of geotechnical engineering‚ and soil mechanics in particular‚ is both challenging and necessary. The following report is a compilation of the results acquired as a result of two laboratories performed by Group 13 at McMaster University on February
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SOIL NAILING INTRODUCTION: Since its development in Europe in the early 1970s‚ soil nailing has become a widely accepted method of providing temporary and permanent earth support‚ underpinning and slope stabilization on many civil projects in the United States. In the early years‚ soil nailing was typically performed only on projects where specialty geotechnical contractors offered it as an alternate to other‚ conventional systems. More recently‚ soil nailing has been specified as the
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While the nature takes from 100 to 400 years to build one centimetre of top soil‚ man can and often does destroy it almost overnight by haphazard land use and improvident husbandry. Irrational methods of cultivation‚ deforestation‚ destruction of natural vegetation due to overgrazing by pasturing animals etc.‚ accelerate denudation. Besides‚ failure of rains‚ floods‚ depopulation and loss of cattle caused by famine and pestilence‚ disturbance caused by war and interference with or change
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