Hakim has come to a therapist in order to help overcoming his Cynophobia‚ a fear of dogs. Explain and critically evaluate how learning theory can be used to explain Hakim ’s phobia and also‚ potentially‚ to treat it. This essay will explain and critically evaluate how‚ Cynophobia‚ a fear of dogs can be overcome. The two main points that will be looked at is learning theory in an effort to try and explain how this phobia has developed in Hakim and possible ways of treating it. Classical conditioning
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Unethical Business Practices at Enron LDR/531 Organizational Leadership August 11‚ 2011 Unethical Business Practices at Enron Enron Corporation came into existance in 1985 as the result of a merger between InterNorth and Houston Natural Gas. This merger produced the longest natural-gas pipeline network in the United States. Under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Jeffery Skilling‚ Enron changed from a gas-pipeline business into a natural-gas and electricity company during the
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Organizational Theories Response Researchers use three organizational theories to understand and explain the organizational structures and operational strategies of policing. These theories are (1) the contingency theory‚ (2) the institutional theory‚ and (3) the resource dependency theory. The contingency theory believes that organizations are created and structured to achieve specific goals‚ such as crime control. The institutional theory holds that police organizations are social institutions
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Prepared for: Professor Katherine Pang Liberty University School of Professional Programs Lynchburg‚ VA Submitted by: Patina Hayes July 5‚ 2012 Formal organizational theory can be dated‚ originated in the late nineteenth century. Some of the earlier citing of organization theory were developed and conducted from military forces that were highly structured and arranged by rigidly structured ecclesiastical organizations ( Milakovich &Gordon). Hierarchy was founded throughout contemporary
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1. Introduction This article highlights key issues / factors that motivated MrJohnston to start his business. These key issues will be analysed using the external and internal factors of entrepreneurship. The internal factors will include theories such as personality theories‚ behavioural theories and sociological and cognitive approaches studied by various individuals and groups. We will also apply the Krueger Model which is an integrated approach to entrepreneurship. We will briefly examine certain
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The atmosphere at Enron was highly competitive. Enron rewarded cleverness and pushing the envelope. Enron’s former president and CEO Jeffery Skilling encouraged employees to be "independent‚ innovative‚ and aggressive.") The aggressiveness of the culture at Enron was increased by a rigorous and threatening evaluation process for all employees that became known as "rank and yank." "Enron’s employees annually ranked their fellow employees on a 1 (best) to 5 (worst) scale. Each of the company’s divisions
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MANAGEMENT THEORY&PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT1 QUESTION1: What are the essential differences between motivators and hygiene factors in Herzberg’s theory of motivation? ANSWER: The essential differences between motivators and hygiene factors in Herzberg’s theory are: Factors Affecting Job Attitudes HYGIENE FACTORS | MOTIVATING FACTORS | * Company policy * Supervision * Salary * Work conditions * Interpersonal relations * Status * Security | * Achievement * Recognition
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The theory behind a community of practice was first introduced by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger (1991). Firstly described within their novel Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (1992)‚ yet their theory was not noticeably defined until Penelope Eckert (2006) gave this theory the title community of practice. Eckert defines a community of practice as “a collection of people who engage in an ongoing basis in some common endeavor” (Eckert‚ 2006) which is exactly what we see within the
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MOTIVATION THEORY AND PRACTICE 1.0 Equity Theory The equity theory was proposed initially by Adams (1963). The focus of the theory has been to understand the motivational aspect of employees. The equity theory is based on the distributive justice principles promulgated to take care of social justice by balancing the economical disadvantages that existed in that period. It focuses on the need for fairness and justice as related to several human behaviors especially used by administrators
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Bachelor of Science in Human Resource management school of business Management theory and practice – assignment one Name: Taonga Emily mbuzi Computer numb: 1021 Tutor: Mr. Muleya INTRODUCTION Management is a process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives within a changing environment. (Kreitner R. 2007‚ p. 5) it has approaches‚ theories‚ principles which need to be learnt in order that we understand the nature of management
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