Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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Experiment 11 Title: Spectrophotometric analysis of caffeine and benzoic acid in soft drink. Name: Tan Herh Lim Name of partner: Sia Ting Wai‚ Chong Zheng Yee Date: Lecturer: Dr. Neo Kian Eang Practical class: P1 Objective: To obtain the absorbance of the caffeine and benzoic acid in soft drinks. Introduction Soft drinks that commonly found in our daily life contain caffeine and sodium benzoate. The caffeine act as a stimulant and the sodium benzoate acts as a preservative
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bromide with the carbonyl compound. However‚ before any of this could be done‚ the refluxing apparatus for the Grignard reaction was to be flame dried until no moisture remained inside because any water would cause the reagent to decompose and an alkane to form. The reaction would subsequently fail. Drierite was placed inside a plastic drying tube as a drying agent‚ absorbing all the moisture from the solvents that would later be refluxing in the apparatus and coming out into the atmosphere. After setting
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Acetylsalicylic acid is the active pharmaceutical ingredient in aspirin and can be synthesized by the esterification reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst. An esterification reaction is when an acid is converted into an ester by combining with an alcohol and removing a water molecule. When heating the salicylic acid mixture in the warm water bath‚ the mixture should be removed from the bath within 8 minutes‚ to reduce the chance of the acetylsalicylic acid decomposing
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Hydrocinnamic acid underwent bromination using N-bromosuccinimide and AIBN. As one lab partner set up the reflux apparatus‚ the other measured the chemicals used in the lab experiment. 2.10 g of hydrocinnamic acid was used. It was observed as white and had a slight cinnamon smell. The amount of NBS was 2.49g and was measured in the fume hood. AIBN was measured at .030 g. 10 mL of acetic acid was also obtained. The reflux apparatus consisted of a 25 mL flask with a stir bar in a water bath. The chemicals
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This solution served as the source of ionic Iron for the remainder of the lab and was labeled “stock ionic Iron solution.” Next‚ a 50-mL aqueous ionic Iron and FerroZine® complex solution was prepared by adding 5.00mL stock ionic Iron‚ 3-mL of acetic acid buffer‚ 2-mL of 5% hydroxylamine hydrochloride‚ allowing five minutes for hydroxylamine to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+‚ adding 2.5-mL of 0.01 M FerroZine® solution‚ and mixing well. A single beam Agilent technologies CARY60-UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was then
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which both prove the erythro-2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic. Determination of the Stereochemistry of 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to determine the mechanism of the reaction of trans-cinnamic acid with the addition of bromines to 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. An addition of bromine was added to trans-cinnamic acid and it is necessary to determine whether the intermediates were syn or anti addition or a mixture of them both to find the stereochemistry
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Small samples of acetaminophen‚ acetylsalicylic acid‚ cellulose‚ starch‚ and caffeine were obtained. These samples were then placed into seperate sets of test tubes that contained water‚ acetone‚ or dichloroethane. Solubilities were then tested for each sample in each solution which can be seen in Table 5. Next‚ four random pills were obtained and weights were taken of each. Each of the pills were grinded up using a separate mortar and pestle. The grinded up pills were then weighed. The grinded
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experiment was to prepare the Grignard reagent methylmagnesium iodide and react it with benzoin to form the 3o alcohol 1‚2-diphenyl-1‚2-propanediol‚ through an addition reaction pathway. Introduction: Grignard reagents are alkyl or aryl-magnesium halides that act as the nucleophile in Grignard reactions‚ where ketones are reacted with the reagent‚ then treated with acid to produce an alcohol. In the case of this experiment‚ methylmagnesium iodide was created from methyl iodide and magnesium metal
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Megan Wierzbowski Organic II Laboratory Wed. 11-1:50 Title: Grignard Reaction with a Ketone: Triphenylmethanol Part 1 Objective: The goal of this experiment is to learn to make Grignard reagents. The reactions of the Grignard reagents with ketones form tertiary alcohols. These reagents are highly air- and moisture-sensitive materials. We will observe the formation of the Grignard reagents‚ which magnesium metal is transformed into organometallic salts. Experimental Procedure:
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