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Acetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report

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Acetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report
Acetylsalicylic acid is the active pharmaceutical ingredient in aspirin and can be synthesized by the esterification reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst. An esterification reaction is when an acid is converted into an ester by combining with an alcohol and removing a water molecule. When heating the salicylic acid mixture in the warm water bath, the mixture should be removed from the bath within 8 minutes, to reduce the chance of the acetylsalicylic acid decomposing. The purpose of this procedure is to isolate acetylsalicylic acid from its accompanied acid catalyst, unreacted salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, and other impurities. Their removal can be done by crystallization, a purification technique in which, upon cooling, product crystals will be separated from impurities that are present in the solution, which can then be filtered off using a vacuum. In this procedure, acetic anhydride is used to wash the reactants, and phosphoric acid is used as a catalyst to …show more content…
Ultimately, the purity of the product will be determined by measuring the melting point through the use of a DigiMelt, a melting apparatus. However, to qualitatively determine if there is a presence of salicylic acid or starch as a binder, left in the product, two reactions can be set up. Ferric chloride can be used to test the product for a presence of salicylic acid. If salicylic acid is present, a red-violet color will appear in the mixture. This is because the phenolic group on salicylic acid forms a colored iron complex when reacted with ferric chloride. Iodine can be used to test the product for a presence of starch; this can be indicated by the solution turning a deep blue-violet color. In order to determine the molar mass of acetylsalicylic acid that should be present in the solution, the following equation can be
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