A Cyclic Universe: A New Model to Rival the Big Bang Theory Phys 1070- Astronomy Topical Essay Motivated by the M-theory‚ space-time ‘branes’ and extra-dimensions‚ scientists Paul J. Steinhardt and Neil Turok introduce a tantalizing alternative to the prevailing standard Big Bang-Inflation model of cosmology. Traditionally‚ the Big Bang-Inflation model features an explosive epoch 15 billion years ago when time and space sprung into existence followed by a fraction of a second of superluminal expansion
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Lesson 1 Key Question Answers 1. What does Hubble’s law predict about the speed of a galaxy far away from the Milky Way compared to one that is closer? Hubble’s law predicted that galaxies were moving away from earth at a rate proportional to their distance from us. The farther away from the Milky Way a galaxy is‚ the larger the redshift is. The farther away a galaxy is‚ the faster it is moving away. Conversely‚ blueshifted galaxies‚ such as Andromeda‚ are moving closer to the Milky Way.
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Black holes When the word black hole pops to mind our initiative thought is literally a black hole with no end. What is really the definition of a black hole? A black hole is a point in space in which gravity pulls in a drastic matter that not even light can exit. Not even human’s vision is capable of viewing these holes. We only take notice as stars around black holes act differently than other stars in space. We can only ask questions such like; when they were theorized? How big
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have taken when it started: a closed‚ open and flat geometry. (2) A closed universe would expand for some time and then after some time the expansion would eventually stop and it would start contracting. It would contract until it it reaches the singularity. Some people have gone as far as suggesting that perhaps the universe has been expanding and contracting for a long time. A closed universe would also be finite in size‚ though it wouldn’t have any edges. This means that if one was to get on a spaceship
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Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 to Dr. Frank Hawking‚ a research biologist‚ and Isobel Hawking. He had two younger sisters‚ Philippa and Mary‚ and an adopted brother‚ Edward.[11] Though Hawking’s parents were living in North London‚ they moved to Oxford while his mother was pregnant with Stephen‚ desiring a safer location for the birth of their first child. (London was under attack at the time by the Luftwaffe.)[12] According to Hawking‚ a German V-2 missile struck only a few streets away
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infinitely dense singularity‚ which is an area of intense gravitational pressure thought to exist at the cores of black holes (Big Bang theory: An overview‚ 2002). Scientists believe that vacuum fluctuation created this singularity‚ but they are unsure where it came from and why it they appeared. Prior to this singularity‚ it is thought that nothing existed; not space‚ not time‚ not matter. Rather than being an intense explosion as many picture‚ the Big Bang theory suggests that the singularity rapidly inflated;
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The Big Bang Theory What is the Big Bang Theory? The Big Bang is the dominant (and highly supported) theory of the origin of the universe. In essence‚ this theory states that the universe began from an initial point or singularity which has expanded over billions of years to form the universe as we now know it. In 1959 a survey was conducted of scientists across America concerning their understanding of the physical sciences. One particular question asked “What is your concept of the age of
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after that moment. According to the standard theory‚ our universe sprang into existence as "singularity" around 13.7 billion years ago. What is a "singularity" and where does it come from? Well‚ to be honest‚ we don’t know for sure. Singularities are zones which defy our current understanding of physics. They are thought to exist at the core of "black holes." Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished into
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for a traveler to enter a rotating black hole‚ avoid the singularity‚ and travel into a rotating white hole which allows the traveler to escape into another universe. White holes appear in the theory of eternal black holes. “In addition to a black hole region in the future‚ such a solution of the Einstein equations has a white hole region in its past.” However‚ this region does not exist for black holes that have formed through gravitational collapse‚ nor are there any known physical
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P-Branes and the fate of the universe. These are all quintessential in explaining the elusive nature of time‚ which seemingly has both direction and shape. M-Theory (a united theory splicing many contemporary explanations together) is introduced. The singularity is the primary focus which calls upon all these ideals. Link to the Course: Black holes are discussed briefly in this chapter by a nice equation is given which includes Planck’s Constant. It can be used to calculate the
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