chapter Learning Objectives • Learn how our bodies change the food we eat into ATP to provide our muscles with the energy they need to move • Examine the three metabolic systems that generate ATP 2 Fuel for Exercise : Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism Terminology • Substrates – Fuel sources from which we make energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) – Carbohydrate‚ fat‚ protein Measuring Energy Release • Can be calculated from heat produced • 1 calorie (cal) = heat energy required
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the lactic acid system will continue providing ATP molecules to create required energy. This system produces lactic acid as a waste product in the chemical breakdown of glucose and glycogen (glycolysis). After lactic acid system has used all PC‚ body needs to find a new fuel in the form of blood glucose or glycogen stored in the muscle to keep going. Lactic acid then builds up in the cell and is transferred into the blood stream where the body tries to get rid of. Requires oxygen to make the
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INTRODUCTION Macromolecules are highly important organized organic molecules that are found within living cells. These biological molecules help the body execute precise important tasks. There are four types of macromolecules: carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. (Karp‚ 2010) This specific experiment showcased the identification of different macromolecules using three different testing methods. Carbohydrates‚ sugar molecules‚ are known as “fast fuel” in the body‚ and they contain
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Insulin will stimulate liver to store excess glucose as glycogen and also fatty acid which stored in adipose tissue. It activates the enzyme hexokinase‚ which phosphorylates glucose‚ trapping it within the cell and hence block the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase (Plum‚ Belgardt & Brüning 2006). Insulin will restrain fuel mobilization and breakdown of glycogen are blocked. Hence‚ causes the glucose to decrease gradually. However‚ the blood glucose will go
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CONFORMATION HAWORTH CONFORMATION Glycogen B. BENEDICT’S TEST FOR REDUCING SUGARS Compound Color Reducing Sugar (yes/no) Water Blue No Glucose Red Yes Fructose Reddish-Orange Yes Sucrose Blue No Lactose Red Yes Maltose Red Yes Starch Blue No Glycogen Blue No C. BARFOED’S TEST FOR MONOSACCHARIDES Compound Color Monosaccharides (yes/no) Water Blue No Glucose Red Yes Fructose Red Yes Sucrose Blue No Lactose Blue No Maltose Blue No Starch Blue No Glycogen Blue No D. SELIWANOFF’S TEST FOR KETOHEXOSES
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leading to an accumulation of fat in the liver (Blenda‚ Thompson & Malkani‚ 2010). The liver plays a pivotal role in glucose regulation. Glucose is carried from the intestines to the liver‚ via the hepatic portal vein‚ which converts & stores it as glycogen or uses it for its
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I. Objectives A. Define energetics and metabolism and explain why cells must synthesize new organic components. B. Differentiate between the absorptive and postabsorptive metabolic states‚ and summarize the characteristics of each. C. List the metabolic processes of the liver. D. Summarize the mechanisms of lipid transport and distribution. E. Discuss the use of proteins as an energy source. F. Define metabolic rate‚ discuss the factors involved in determine an
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glucose‚ into the bloodstream. The body will maintain the blood glucose level between 80 to 100 mg/dL and some glucose will be stored as glycogen in the liver. When blood is taken from the bloodstream‚ the glucose concentration will increase after drinking coke as insulin is actively being produced and released from the pancreas to convert glucose into glycogen lowering the blood glucose level. c) This is due to homeostasis regulating the body system back to normal. When the blood glucose concentration
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form of fat Glucose in plants starch In animals glycogen In tge end in order tobe bsorbed in body it must be in form of glucse Glucagon and insulin control blood sugar are the hormones that control blood sugar - in respect to diabetes Glycogenolysis breakdown of glycogen into glucose when blood stream sugar lvl gets low Glucagon released by pancreas Glycogen broken down into glucose It is from the muscles and liver Glycogen in liver isbroken down Glyconeogensis Creation
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Carbohydrates & Glycobiology Dr. Jeelan Moghraby B.Sc.‚ D.Phil Assistant Professor Email: moghrabyj@ksau-hs.edu.sa Lecture 13 & 14 BIOC211 2013 Objectives Describe the structure of carbohydrates Classify the types of carbohydrates Recognise different types of glycoconjugates and their role Dr. Jeelan Moghraby Introduction Carbohydrates Most abundant organic molecule in nature Empirical formula (CH2O)n Originally produced from CO2 and H2O during
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