MANAGEMENT Analytical overview Topic: “Cognitive Maps” Course: Knowledge Engineering Author: Marina Borovkova Group: FM.1 Saint-Petersburg 2011 Table of contents Introduction 3 Definition of Cognitive Mapping 4 History and Use of the Term 4 The Process of Cognitive Mapping 6 Different Types of Cognitive Map and Mapping Techniques 7 Cognitive mapping techniques 8 Causal mapping. 8 Semantic mapping 9 Concept mapping 10 Application of cognitive techniques and maps 11 Conclusion
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Conclusion Psychological motives are basically caused due to some psychological needs and are not based on physical needs. It is very important in the development of the individuals’ personality. It related to self-esteem‚ self-security‚ self-expression and self-freedom. There are some several psychological needs‚ which are; 1. Need for Affiliation: It is the desire to be with others and have harmonious and satisfying relationships with them. 2. Need for Approval: It is the need for approval
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Psychological Approaches to Learning Kenneth D. Lewis PSY 101 Jimletta Vareene-Thomas December 19 2010 Learning is a psychological behavior that is considered by most to be fundemental to human development. Learning is a relitively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience (Feldman‚ 2009 p. 177). This paper will discus behavior‚ cognitive‚ and developmental psycological theories to learning. It will also interpret the different psychological theories to learning and will
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have grown up and transitioned into what can be called the adult bully‚ it can be equally as hard‚ or even harder for their victims to deal with. Adult bullies are found everywhere‚ but the most prevalent types who are heard about are the workplace bullies and bullying on the college campus. The victims of these older bullies still feel the same emotional and sometimes physical effects of the abuse. In researching the topic of adult bullying‚ I found it is just as harmful and widespread
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PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE Any act‚ including confinement‚ isolation‚ verbal assault‚ humiliation‚ intimidation‚ or any other treatment which may diminish the sense of identity‚ dignity‚ and self-worth. This is sometimes called emotional abuse. Some researchers refer to it by formal terms such as "chronic verbal aggression". Psychological abuse can make the person feel "less of a person". It diminishes the person’s sense of identity‚ dignity‚ and self-worth. Abused people often find that psychological
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It has been said‚ "Not all learning takes place in the classroom." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from personal experience with knowledge gained from classroom. Instruction. In your opinion‚ which source is more important?Why? Please help me with my English writing. I think I have Elementary words. Your comments and suggestions will be much appreciated. Thank you very much! In life‚ Education is considered by our parents to be the greatest they can bequeath to us. But to those who cannot
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is the underlying frame of apprehension and knowledge. In other words it is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals more with the cognitive thought process and it could be used on animals or humans. Behaviors are maintained or
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The Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Before being able to grasp what economics has to offer it is important to understand the terms and concepts that are frequently used in economic. This paper will consist of two parts‚ part one will explain six terms; gross domestic product (GDP)‚ real GDP‚ nominal GDP‚ unemployment rate‚ inflation rate‚ and finally interest rate. Part two will consist of describing how three economic activities‚ such as purchasing of groceries‚ massive layoff of employees‚ and
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cause has yet to be found. Anti-homosexuals‚ consisting mainly of religious groups‚ believe that homosexuality is abnormal‚ unnatural‚ and can be changed. Because of their beliefs‚ homosexuality must be a learned behavior. Whether homosexuality is biological or learned behavior is still a mystery‚ but scientists are finding more evidence to suggest the former. Webster’s online dictionary defines abnormal as deviating from the normal or average. By that definition alone homosexuality is abnormal‚ but
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2. Biological Classification Classification The process of grouping living organisms into convenient categories based on simple characters is known as classification. 1. Two kingdom classification Carolus Linnaeus divided all living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia. 2. Five kingdom classification R.H. Whittaker divided all living things into five kingdoms- Monera‚ Protista‚ Fungi‚ Plantae‚ and Animalia. The main criteria for classification included o cell structure o thallus
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