Liquid fuels such as gasoline‚ diesel‚ fuel oil light‚ fuel oil heavy or kerosene have to be atomized and well mixed with the combustion air before burned. Therefor nozzles are used. Nozzles are divided into two groups: Pressure atomizers and twin-fluid atomizers. 5.1.1 Pressure atomizers Pressure atomizers are differed into turbulence nozzles and liquid sheet nozzles. At both types of nozzles the energy from the liquid pressure is converted into kinetic energy and a small part of it into forming
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Experiment 1 Fluid Flow In A Smooth Pipe Abstract In this experiment‚ three variable flow meters are used to alter the flowrate. Changes in pressure drop due to the change in flowrate are then observed from the three pressure gauges that can measure pressure at different range and recorded. The shift from laminar flow to turbulent flow is seen from the results recorded‚ but it is observed more clearly from the water-soluble dye experiment that was carried out by the demonstrator. Laminar flow
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Fluid Mechanics Report Instruction Water turbine is a very common used throughout the world to generate power. Although the concept of the Impact of a Jet is essentially simple‚ and it can has a highly hydraulic efficiency‚ the factor of how can produce a powerful reaction force back is also has to be considerate truly. If we can manage well‚ we can determine the best situation and the optimum deflection angle out‚ for getting the optimum force that the impact can produce. But first of all‚ we
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(HYDRODYNAMICS) SPRING 2005 Part 1. Fluid-Flow Principles 1. Introduction 1.1 Definitions 1.2 Notation and fluid properties 1.3 Hydrostatics 1.4 Fluid dynamics 1.5 Control volumes 1.6 Visualising fluid flow 1.7 Real and ideal fluids 1.8 Laminar and turbulent flow 2. Continuity (mass conservation) 2.1 Flow rate 2.2 The steady continuity equation 2.3 Unsteady continuity equation 3. The Equation of Motion 3.1 Forms of the equation of motion 3.2 Fluid acceleration 3.3 Bernoulli’s equation
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ME2135E Fluid Mechanics Formula sheet ( ) Centrifugal Pump Power ( ) Head ( ) ( Head Capacity Coeff ) Head Coeff ( ) ( Eff ( ) ⁄ | ⁄ ( Head ⁄( ( )( ( ) ) ( )( ) ( ) ) | ) Axial Pump Power ( ⁄ ⁄ Eff Power Coeff () () ) ) ( Head ⁄) ( )⁄ ������������ ������ ������������ ������������ ������ ������������������ ������ ������������������
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Hydraulic Systems Examples of hydraulic systems Basic hydraulic system Basic fluid power symbols Basic fluid power ANSI/ISO symbols Basic fluid power symbols Hydraulic Pumps Pump characteristic Operating pressure Speeds Displacement volume (V) – volume of liquid per revolution Volumetric flow rate: Q = n × V where n : number of rotation (rpm) V : displacement volume (per rev) Pump Efficiency (Volumetric) To determine performance of pump Divided into two: Volumetric efficiency
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Continuum Hypothesis in Fluid Mechanics The macroscopic behavior of fluids makes them appear to be continuous. However‚ when viewed at the microscopic scale fluids cannot be viewed as continuous. The fluid under consideration will have molecules bombarding each other. It is not possible to declare the fluid velocity at a point as there is no guarantee that the fluid molecules are present at that point at a particular instant of time. When we calculate the fluid velocity or density at a point it
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I.Cerebrospinal Fluid Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear‚ colorless liquid produced within spaces called ventricles in the brain. It is also found inside the subarachnoid space of the meninges which surrounds both the brain and the spinal chord. It bathes the exposed surfaces of the central nervous system‚ and completely surrounds the brain and spinal cord. In addition‚ a space inside the spinal chord called the central canal also contains cerebrospinal fluid. CFS acts as a cushion for the neuraxis
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Characteristics of a Good Hydraulic Fluid Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of a hydraulic fluid’s resistance to flow. It is a hydraulic fluid’s most important characteristic and has a significant impact on the operation of the system. When a hydraulic oil is too thin (low viscosity)‚ it does not seal sufficiently. This leads to leakage and wear of parts. When a hydraulic oil is too thick (high viscosity)‚ the fluid will be more difficult to pump through the system and may reduce operating
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Coolant and cutting fluid management Contamination of coolants and loss of cutting fluid through chip waste is one of the most time consuming and costly situations for a company. That is where fluid management comes into play. There are many ways to fight contamination and fluid loss. Loss of cutting fluid and coolants through chip waste can be solved with a briquetter. A briquetter is a machine that compresses your chips and turnings into a briquette squeezing out ninety percent of your expensive
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