Running Head: Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Ong Chia Swing‚ Student. Nilai University 1. Introduction Citric acid is a natural preservative or conservative that is used to add an acidic‚ sour taste to foods and beverages. In the context of biochemistry‚ the conjugate base of citric acid which is the citrate plays an important role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle which occurs in the metabolism
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1. Citric Acid * Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the molecular formula C6H8O7‚ which means a molecule of the acid contains six carbon atoms‚ eight hydrogen atoms‚ and seven oxygen atoms. When it is dissolved in water‚ it partially ionizes to yield three H+ ions (hydrogen atoms which are missing their electron) and a C6H5O7(3-) ion (the 3- means that it has three extra electrons.) The resulting solution is called an "electrolyte." Chemical Reaction When two dissimilar metals are put
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Acid-a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis‚ dissolves some metals‚ and turns litmus red; typically‚ a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. How does acid clean copper- “The oxygen in the air and the copper in the pennies form an oxide that coats the pennies and makes them look dirty. The acids break the copper oxide free from the penny. As we have seen experimentally‚ acid alone does not clean as well as acid and salt.” Can acid kill you?-”The actual causes of death however are not
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Effects of Citric Acid on the Viscoelasticity of Cornstarch Pastes MADOKA HIRASHIMA‚ RHEO TAKAHASHI‚ AND KATSUYOSHI NISHINARI* Department of Food and Human Health Sciences‚ Graduate School of Human Life Science‚ Osaka City University‚ Sumiyoshi‚ Osaka 558-8585‚ Japan The effects of citric acid on the rheological properties of cornstarch pastes were studied by steady shear and dynamic oscillatory viscoelasticity‚ intrinsic viscosity measurements and microscopic observation. The pH of cornstarch
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natural acid‚ citric acid industry has seen a fast growth in China before 2008 due to increasing demand from both of overseas market and domestic market. However‚ in the past five years‚ China’’s Citric Acid production has been expanding slowly due to demand increase very slowly. What’’s more‚ the price of citric acid’s raw material witnessed the uptrend in the same period. What has happened in the citric market in past five years? How is the current competition structure of citric acid in China
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Title Abstract During this experiment the change in pH of Citric acids is measured from start to equilibrium in mL. This experiment was tested by titration it had two separate trials. Through observations it was shown that the more concentrated acids needed more drops of NaOH to reach its equilibrium then the less concentrated acids. Introduction Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base and when it is titrated with a strong acid the equivalence point will be expected to be a pH of 7 (wyzant
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that most simple bath bomb recipes have: baking soda‚ citric acid‚ and cornstarch. When baking soda and citric acid are mixed together with some water‚ they undergo a chemical reaction. Specifically‚ this reaction involves acid-base chemistry‚ since the baking soda—also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)—is a weak base‚ and citric acid (C6H8O7) is a weak acid. This reaction is shown in Equation 1‚ below. As you can see from Equation 1‚ the acid-base reaction produces carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. This
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The vicious cycle of poverty affects generations. Poverty means not having enough money to survive. There is a debate that poverty is self imposed rather than a global situation. The reasons for this problem are‚ increasing population‚ lack of education‚ discrimination‚ and mostly unemployment. The effects of poverty are intergenerational‚ ranging from high mortality rate among infants‚ mental illnesses‚ crime and violence‚ and mostly to become a burden on the economy. Overcoming poverty is not easy
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“Citric Acid Levels in Commercial & Freshly Squeezed Lemon Juice” BY: SERENA GOVENDER Yr10 Question: To investigate the citric acid levels in commercial and freshly squeezed lemon juice Change: Type of Lemon Juice Why I Chose This Topic: I chose this topic because I was interested in investigating the level of citric acid in commercial and freshly squeezed lemon juice in order to compare results and suggest theories and ideas about what increases or decreases the acidity of the lemon
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organisms and it also keeps the water cycle going. But is rain bad in any way? Of course‚ but it is because of the acidity is possess and that acidic property is becoming more and more acidic by everyday pollution from houses‚ factories‚ cars‚ and etc. This is the concept of acid rain‚ which according to EPA.gov is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Acid rain isn’t just rain‚ its forms like
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