Part B Small Scale Literature Review Running Head: Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Ong Chia Swing‚ Student. Nilai University 1. Introduction Citric acid is a natural preservative or conservative that is used to add an acidic‚ sour taste to foods and beverages. In the context of biochemistry‚ the conjugate base of citric acid which is the citrate plays an important role as an intermediate in the citric
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INTRODUCTION Isolation of Aspergillus niger from garden soil for the production of amylase enzyme and effect of various parameters on enzyme‚ production is the main aim of this study. Enzymes are protein catalysts synthesized by living systems and are important in synthetic as well as degradative process. Amylases are starch degradative enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of internal a-1‚ 4-0-glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as starch in to simple sugar (glucose and maltose). It is produced
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Carbohydrate Polymers 44 (2001) 319–324 www.elsevier.com/locate/carbpol Hydrolysis of diethyl diferulates by a tannase from Aspergillus oryzae ´ M.-T. Garcıa-Conesa a‚*‚ P. Østergaard b‚ S. Kauppinen b‚ G. Williamson a a Phytochemicals Team‚ Division of Diet‚ Health & Consumer Sciences‚ Institute of Food Research‚ Norwich Research Park‚ Colney‚ Norwich NR4 7UA‚ UK. b ´ Screening Biotechnology‚ Enzyme Research Novo Nordisk A/S‚ Novo Alle‚ bldg. 1BM1.05 DK-2880 Bagsvaerd‚ Denmark. Abstract
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ENZYMES THE ENZYMES SPEAK!! “We are the catalysts of the living world! Protein in nature and in action specific; rapid and accurate; huge in size but with small active centres; highly exploited for disease diagnosis in lab centres”. DEFINITION Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts synthesised by living cells. They are protein in nature (exception RNA acting as ribozyme) colloidal and thermo-labile in character and specific in their action. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In
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nigricans Penicillium Aspergillus niger Ropy Bacillus subtilis Maple sap and syrup Ropy Enterobacter aerogenes Yeasty Saccharomyces Zygosaccharomyces Pink Micrococcus roseus Mouldy Aspergillus Penicillium Fresh fruits and vegetables Soft rot Rhizopus Erwinia Gray mold rot Botrytis Black mold rot A. niger Pickles‚ sauerkraut Film yeasts‚ pink yeasts Rhodotorula Fresh meat Putrefaction Alcaligenes Clostridium Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas fluorescens Cured meat Mouldy Aspergillus Rhizopus Penicillium
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vegetables increase. For example‚ carrot‚ tomato and chilli are most demand among Malaysian adult. However‚ vegetables are susceptible to the microbial infection due to its pH that closer to the neutral pH. Generally‚ Alternaria‚ Fusarium‚ Penicillium‚ Aspergillus‚ Geotrichum and Botrytis are common post-harvest fungi for vegetables (Splittstoesser‚ 1987; Adaskaveg et al.‚ 2002). These fungi can get into the vegetables through surface injuries either mechanical‚ chemicals or physiological injury. Mechanical
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producer and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus. Under solid substrate culture condition Aspergillus fumigatus was screened for phytase production on agricultural by-products. The results showed that wheat bran with sugarcane molasses was the best substrate for production of phytase. Phytase purified by non chromatography method‚ the purified enzyme has an apparent molecular weight 64kDa. Keywords: Phytase‚ Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus. INTRODUCTION Phytase
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Spice Qualities and Specifications I. SPICE SPECIFICATIONS A. Introduction A spice can be defined as the dried aromatic parts of natural plants‚ whose characteristics such as color and constitution may vary depending on year of harvest and place of harvest‚ among other factors. The quality of processed spices can also vary due to differences in separation and milling processes used. For these reasons it has been deemed necessary to establish quality standards or specifications for
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Jaren Urbina Post Harvesting Onion Basic Storage & Handling Tips for Dry Bulb Onions: Always handle onions with care. Do not drop onions as this often causes bruising and internal decay. Bagged or boxed onions should be stored at least one foot away from walls and other pallets to allow proper air movement. Keep stacks of bags or boxes at five feet or less. Store onions in a cool‚ dry‚ well-ventilated area. Maintain storage temperature of 45-55°F. Do not wrap onions in plastic or store
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Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Human Fungal Pathogens Specially Aspergillus flavus‚ Penicillum specie and Curvularia specie | Source: Leihana C. TaguiamAbstract:Fungi are one-celled organisms that cause discomfort and health risks in living organisms. The purpose of this study is to control the growth of fungal pathogens. Aspergillus flavus‚ Penicillum specie and Curvularia specie. By using pure extract of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus)‚ Aloe
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