ETHICAL THEORIES 1. Utilitarianism The utilitarian ethical theory is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action. To a utilitarian‚ the choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is ethically correct. One benefit of this ethical theory is that the utilitarian can compare similar predicted solutions and use a point system to determine which choice is more beneficial for more people. This point system provides a logical and rationale argument
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it‚ then conclude with a counter argument to the counter argument. John Rawls‚ using Kantian rationality‚ discusses ways to determine principles of social justice. He begins by making a clear distinction as to what defines the social justice used in his argument – “the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation”. Rawls then continues to introduce concepts such as the original position which
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Justice as Fairness Rawls first begins with discussing how we are lead to the original position. The original position is a hypothetical argument that considers a society where people do not decide what is right or wrong based on a higher power or emotion‚ but rather on common sense. These ideas establish justice or fairness simply based on the community’s beliefs that they create. However‚ these agreements cannot be made without the “veil of ignorance.” This means that all instances that
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Rawls’ Maximin Principle: Is It Really The Most Rational Solution? Political philosophy aims to reflect the normative and conceptual dimensions of political life. American philosopher John Rawls is widely recognized as one of the leading political philosophers of the twentieth century. His A Theory of Justice (1971) is one of the primary texts in political philosophy and proposes two principles of justice. The first‚ the liberty principle‚ defines basic liberties and the second‚ the difference
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Justice Part I – Introduction John Rawls’ Theory of Justice is based on the idea of distributive justice‚ that is‚ how justice should be distributed to each individual within a society. Rawls’ theory contrasts with the theory of utilitarianism‚ because it values the welfare of each individual over the ‘greater good’‚ and does not believe that one person should sacrifice their own needs or desires in order to benefit a larger number of people. This has led Rawls to develop the idea of the ‘Original
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Analyze the case using at least two of the objective ethical theories (Act Utilitarianism‚ Rule Utilitarianism‚ Kantianism‚ Social Contract Theory/Rawls’ Principles of Justice‚ and Virtue Theory). ANS: Kantianism is the ethical theory which explains how one should always focus on his/her duty rather than the end result. According to a Kantian‚ parents should use this app and protect their kids from
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Natural Abstract: Ken Binmore casts his naturalist theory of justice in opposition to theories of justice that claim authority on the grounds of some religious or moral doctrine. He thereby overlooks the possibility of a political conception of justice—a theory of justice based on the premise that there is an irreducible pluralism of metaphysical‚ epistemological‚ and moral doctrines. In my brief comment I shall argue that the naturalist theory of justice advocated by Binmore should be conceived
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John Rawls and Utilitarianism Heath C. Hoculock The social contract theory of John Rawls challenges utilitarianism by pointing out the impracticality of the theory. Mainly‚ in a society of utilitarians‚ a citizens rights could be completely ignored if injustice to this one citizen would benefit the rest of society. Rawls believes that a social contract theory‚ similar those proposed by Hobbes‚ Locke‚ and Rousseau‚ would be a more logical solution to the question of fairness in any government
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Obama’s plan for health care reform follows the guidelines and principles of philosopher John Rawls’ theory of justice. John Rawls teachings and writings were and still are extremely relevant in the world of political philosophy. Now‚ the view of many opposing philosophers is that justice should be given based on merit‚ and this is also the tendency in modern society. Rawls‚ however‚ proposed a theory that justice should be based on fairness. He suggested that the laws and principles of society
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According to care ethics‚ relationships are morally foundational. Basically‚ this means that when it comes to care ethics‚ it can be justified to devote more of your attention to those that are close to you‚ as opposed to those that you are not close with. But according to Kantian and Utilitarian ethics‚ all people are equally deserving of moral attention. Care ethics is typically defined as a practice as opposed to a theory‚ and in this context “care” means maintaining not only our own needs-
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