The type of alcohol was found to have an affect of the rate of the reaction. Ethanol has the higher reaction rate than n-propanol‚ n-butanol‚ and iso-butanol. Exercise 1: Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4. Table for calculation of [NADH]eq‚ [NAD+]eq‚ [Ethanol]eq Keq={NADH] [Acetaldehyde] / [NAD+] [Ethanol] c=A/ ab a=6.2 mM-1cm-1 [NADH]eq [Acetaldehyde]eq [NAD+]eq [NAD+] [Ethanol] [Ethanol] Keq (mM) (mM) (mM) (mM) (mM) (mM) 1 Blank
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AIM: I am carrying out an investigation to see which alcohol is the best fuel. I will do this by experimenting with different alcohols and setting them alight and measuring different factors. I will analyse all my results and try to discover patterns‚ which should help me to conclude which alcohol is the best fuel. PLAN ==== This is how my experiment will be set out: ========================================== Keeping this experiment a fair test ===================================
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point: 118 ºC Melting point: -89 ºC Tert-Butyl Alcohol Tert-Butyl Alcohol or “2-methyl-2-propanol” is the simplest tertiary alcohol. It is one of the four isomers of butanol. Tert-Butanol is a clear liquid (or a colorless solid‚ depending on the ambient temperature) with a camphor-like odor. It is very soluble in water and miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether. It is unique among the isomers of butanol because it tends to be a solid at room temperature. Formula: C4H10O Boiling point: 82 ºC
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alkenes (C2H4) * Functional group = highly reactive double C=C bond * Readily transformed into many useful compounds ( polyethylene) through addition reactions * Examples: ethylene oxide (CH2)2O -> sterilizer Ethanol (C3COOH) -> solvent Polyethylene (CH2)n -> plastic 1D – identify that ethylene serves as a monomer from which polymers are made * Individual monomers of ethene join by covalent bonds to form long chain polymers 1E
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Reaction with HCL | Reaction with KMnO4 | Butanol | No reaction | Did not mix | 2-Propanol | No reaction | Mixed and the color turned red | 2-Methyl-2-Propanol | Change in color (yellow) | Bubbles and turned pink | Discussion: Butanol: H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH 2-Propanol: H3C-CHOH-CH3 2-Methyl-2-Propanol: 2-Methyl-2-Propanol is only alcohol reacted with HCL 2-Methyl-2-Propanol+HCL=====>2-chloro-2-methylpropane+ H2O
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Combustion Of Alcohols Planning This investigation involves burning alcohol in the air. Key science- Chemistry by Eileen Ramsden says that " an alcohol is a series of organic‚ homologous compounds‚ with the general formula Cn H2n+1OH". The alcohol reacts with the oxygen in the air to form the products water and carbon dioxide: Cn H2n+1OH +(n+n/2)-1O2 ? nH2O + nCO2 The structure of the molecules in this reaction is: H H | | H - C - C - O- H + 3[O=O] ? 1/2[O=C=O] + 3[H-O-H] | | H H This reaction
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Experiment D: Separation of Alcohols by Fractional Distillation Pre-lab Properties: Propanol‚ butanol‚ methanol Purpose: To separate two alcohols by distillation and analyze results with GC. Do not plug mantle directly into electrical outlet‚ use controller! Use 40/60 mol percent propanol/butanol (no cyclohexane or toluene are used in this lab because they are more toxic) Set up fractional distillation Set heat at highest level to start‚ then turn back down to 60-80% when vapor starts up column
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Purpose- the Purpose of this lab is to synthesize Esters by combining Carboxylic Acid and Alcohols. In this lab we will synthesize and then detect the odour of Esters formed. Materials- Materials that will be used in this lab are as follows:- Ethanol 7. Acetic Acid Eye Protection 11. Test tube rack Procedure- Prepare a hot-water by half filling a 500-mL beaker with water and heating it carefully on a hot plate until it comes to a gentle boil. Number the test in the rack in order
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the flame. 4- Reweigh the burner and workout the difference. 5- Repeat the same steps 3 times and take the average of the alcohol used in burning. 6- Apply the same steps above with the all-different types of alcohol remaining to test (Ethanol‚ Propanol‚ Butanol‚ Pentanol) 7- Finally you need to work out the energy released from each alcohol by applying this calculation q = (specific heat capacity of water 4.2) x mass of water(g) x Δt change in temperature(ºC) Then
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synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group‚ Br versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group‚ 3◦ versus 2◦; and the polarity of the solvent‚ 40 percent 2-propanol versus 60 percent 2-propanol. Discussion/Theory/Reaction
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