placed in the thimble. Normally a solid material containing some of the desired compound is placed inside a thimble made from thick filter paper‚ which is loaded into the main chamber of the Soxhlet extractor. The Soxhlet extractor is placed onto a flask containing the extraction solvent. The Soxhlet is then equipped with a condenser. The solvent is heated to reflux. The solvent vapour travels up a distillation arm‚ and floods into the chamber housing the thimble of solid. The condenser ensures that
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15 g of magnesium metal‚ stir vane‚ 0.80 mL of bromobenzene (0.70 mL) and anhydrous diethyl ether (20.0 mL) mixture in a 20-mL round-bottom flask (reflux apparatus). The apparatus was elevated from the hot plate and heated at 60°C for 15 minutes. Brownish-gray solution was observed. The remainder bromobenzene/ether mixture was added to the round bottom flask drop-wise with additional washing of ~2.0 mL of diethyl ether. Iodine (catalyst) was added to facilitate the reaction. Phenylmagnesium bromide
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The Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Abstract: Grignard synthesis of triphenylmethanol was achieved by use of the Grignard reagent phenyl magesium brominde. The organometallic grignard reagent was synthesized by use of a reflux apparatus recrystallization techniques. Once synthesized it was used in a Grignard reaction that involved nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl in order to make triphenylmethanol. The final product was solidified and recrystallized and spectral data was
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determine the percentage of sugar content in beverages. iii. Materials: Distilled water‚ beverages (juice‚ soda‚ sport drinks)‚ Sugar reference solutions (0‚ 5‚ 15‚ ad 20%) 25ml each‚ Balance‚ centigram(0.01g precision)‚ Beaker (100-mL)‚ Erlenmeyer flask (125-mL to collect rinse solutions)‚ Pipet(10-mL)‚ Pipet bulb or pipet filler iv. Procedure: Part A 1. Place an empty 100-mL beaker on the balance and hit the “rezero” button and check if the scale reads 0.00 g 2. Suck up 10.00mL
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the theoretical yield of acetyl salicylic acid is 0.014 moles‚ or 0.014 moles (180 g/mole) = 2.52 g Procedure From: Experiments for Organic Chemistry‚ Chem 3341‚ Spring 2000‚ pp. 20-25 1) Mix salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ add 5 drops H2SO4. 2) Heat on steam bath for 10 min‚ then cool. 3) Add 50 mL water and cool on ice. 4) Collect product by vacuum filtration. 5) Air dry the crude product crystals and determine a crude yield. 6) Purify as in the flow chart below
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UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL SCIENCES CHEMISTRY IN SOCIETY LAB (CHEM 107) LAB 2: THE AIR WE BREATHE Purpose/Aim To determine whether air occupies space and whether it can be moved and/ or removed. Introduction Air is a mixture of gases that composes the Earth’s atmosphere (NASA‚ 2015). Like all matter air has properties; one of which is weight‚ in each tiny air particle‚ there is a diminutive bit of weight. This weight is influenced by the pressure
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Explanation of the Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid The synthesis of several complex organic compounds follows a multistep synthesis. "Multistep synthesis" refers to the procedure in which the product of one reaction serves as the starting material in the subsequent reaction. The multistep synthesis of benzilic acid begins with a conversion benzaldehyde to benzoin through a condensation reaction. The benzoin then oxidizes into benzil‚ which undergoes rearrangement to give benzilic acid. Benzoin
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with pipette Don’t take excess – dispose in bucket allocated Clean up mercury immediately‚ don’t use unlabeled‚ neutralize A or B‚ Glass Names of glassware – know them‚ don’t use broken or chipped‚ sweep up broken Erlenmeyer or thin-walled/flat bottom flasks are not safe with vacuum‚ carry all vertically Place rollable glassware at 90 degree to edge of surface Clean everything before you use it (emptied and rinsed and dried) Syringes or propipettes used for corrosive or toxic materials
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immobilization conditions (alginate concentration 4%‚ 40 beads/flask) was followed during 4 cycles (fig….) to investigate the stability of biocatalyst and its ability to produce cmcases. cmcases were produced in repeated batch shake cultures and the time for each batch was 48h. When the estimated maximum activity level had been reached‚ the culture supernatant was decanted off and 20 mL of fresh medium was added to the Erlenmeyer flasks. The results obtained at the end of the first cycle showed a significant
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need a spectrophotometer‚ a timer‚ starch solution‚ Erlenmeyer flasks‚ beakers‚ graduated cylinders‚ thermometers‚ distilled water‚ several cuvettes‚ ice‚ iodine solution‚ pipette‚ notepad‚ and pen/ pencil for recording data. Methods The lab manuel provided the basic procedures needed for the experiment. First all materials were gathered. We poured 35ml of starch solution in a beaker and added 35ml of a buffer. This flask was the reaction flask. Then we proceeded to zero the spectrophotometer by
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