Introduction: This experiment was used to examine the hypothesis that: Osmosis is dependent on the concentrations of the substances involved. Diffusion is the passage of solute molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Campbell & Reece‚ 2005). An example is ammonia diffusing throughout a room. A solute is one of two components in a chemical solution. The solute is the substance dissolved in the solution. The solvent‚ the other component‚ is any liquid in
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attract substrates into correct position to undergo chemical reaction. Enzymes greatly speed up the rate of biological reactions by lowering the energy of activation. To get a sense of the speed and efficiency of enzymes‚ substrates can be transformed to products at the rate of thousands of times per second with the enzymes. If we consider the total number of different enzymes in the human body‚ which is estimated to be around 75‚000‚ these chemical reactions are performed at an amazing rate. On the
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Hydrolysis of macromolecules Abstract: This lab was designed to teach the process of “hydrolysis”‚ a chemical reaction in which water is added to a polymer‚ breaking its bonds and forming smaller molecules. A hydrogen cation and a hydroxide anion (which once formed water) break apart and attach themselves to the ends of shorter polymers. Hydrolysis plays an important role in our lives and in the lives of every living thing on earth. Living organisms rely on digestion (hydrolysis) to convert
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An Investigation on the rate of reaction of the enzyme Catalase on the substrate Hydrogen peroxide. Plan Aim: To investigate the rate of the effect of Catalase on hydrogen peroxide. Introduction This investigation will be carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase on the substrate hydrogen peroxide. Enzymes are biological catalysts‚ which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction‚ which take place in living organisms. They do this by
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I am investigating how the rate of reaction differs when we change the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid whilst reacting with Magnesium. The rate of reaction is explained by the Collision Theory. This theory explains how various factors affect the reaction rates and how chemical reactions occur. The 4 factors of the Collision Theory are: • Temperature • Concentration • Surface area • Catalyst I am investigating how different concentrations of acids affect the rate of reaction. However I must
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physiological processes‚ as well as being responsible for the activation of some ion channels and enzymes and assisting in trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane (5‚ 8). Why is PIP2 then so important in hippocampal cells? PIP2 is a substrate for hydrolysis by the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC)‚ whereby the products of this interaction are the secondary messengers‚ diacyl Glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) (6‚ 8) that are involved in the regulation of physiological processes on the
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Experiment 2: Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase Theoretical Background Polymers of carbohydrates are called polysaccharides‚ and make up some of the most important naturally occurring compounds [1]. They have thousands of monosaccharide units linked to each other by oxygen bridges. They include starch‚ glycogen‚ and cellulose‚ all three of which yield only glucose when completely hydrolyzed [2]. A B Figure 1. Starch (amylose) (A) and cellulose (B) Starch
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For this data analysis project‚ I conducted and experiment to investigate how the concentration of an acid affects the rate of the reaction. I have set up the experiment’s equipment as shown on figure 1. As you can see by figure 1‚ I have used the reaction between sodium thisoulphate solution and hydrochloric acid (HCL) to come up with results that will help me draw conclusions regarding the effects of the concentration of the acid. I decided to use this particular reaction due to the fact that the
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The Equilibrium Constant of an Ester Hydrolysis Reaction Abstract: The results from this experiment show four different Kc equilibrium constants of: .1522 for bottle two‚ .1853 for bottle three‚ .2094 for bottle four‚ and .2678 for bottle five. The average Kc value came out to be .2037 for all four bottles. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the equilibrium concentrations of an organic acid‚ an alcohol‚ an ester‚ and water in four bottles with varying measurements of each
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EFFECT OF BIODEGRADABLE SM PLASTIC BAG IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATE ABSTRACT The purpose of this Investigatory project is to determine the effect of different substrates on the biodegradability of SM plastic bags. The materials needed are: 6‚ 1-litre glass jars; 6‚ 7”x9” aluminums trays; 12 pcs. 3”x4” SM plastic bags; 500g loam soil; 500g compost soil; 500mL seawater; 500mL tap water; Analytical balance; Graduated cylinder; and Weighing scale. The procedure involved cutting the SM plastics bags
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