either D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose • phosphoric acid • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleic Acids • Levels of structure • 1°structure: the order of bases on the polynucleotide sequence; the order of bases specifies the genetic code • 2°structure: the three-dimensional conformation of the polynucleotide backbone • 3°structure: supercoiling • 4°structure: interaction between DNA and proteins Pyrimidine/Purine Bases • The structures of pyrimidine and purine
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DNA and RNA Replication Deborah J Brooks Biochemistry (GRT1) Task 1 Western Governors University Objectives DNA Replication at Biochemical Level Role of Ligase Role of mRNA Role of RNA Polymerase Inhibition related to the death cap mushroom Introduction Nucleic acids are required for the storage and expression of genetic information. There are two chemically distinct types of nucleic acids. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The repository of genetic information. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
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Seven: Text Questions Review Questions 1. What is DNA? Where is it found? DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid. It contains genetic information. Found pretty much anywhere; including saliva‚ hair strand‚ etc. 2. What is mitochondrial DNA? DNA located in the mitochondria 3. What is CODIS? How does it work? CODIS is the combined DNA identification system. It has a database full of DNA samples from criminals and others who voluntarily gave their DNA. 4. What are complimentary base patterns? Why are
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Double Helix Two DNA strands form a helical spiral‚ winding around a helix axis in a right-handed spiral. The two polynucleotide chains run in opposite directions. The sugar-phosphate backbones of the two DNA strands wind around the helix axis like the railing of a spiral staircase. The Backbone DNA is in the form of a double helix. This means that two helices‚ or sides‚ twist around a center. The sides of the double helix are referred to as the backbone of the DNA strand. They are made up
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Agarose Gel Electophoresis of DNA Topoisomers Introduction DNA can exist as different isomers that change the confirmation of the DNA’s structure. DNA can be in a linear confirmation this is a relaxed confirmation as the DNA can rotate about its axis unconstrained. It can also exist as a nicked circle this is also a relaxed confirmation as the DNA strands can again rotate freely with respect to one another. Covalently closed circular DNA or cccDNA exists as a supercoil this is because the covalent
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Review Questions What is DNA? Where is it found? DNA is the basic building blocks of the genetic makeup‚ and is found in a variety of places in the body such as: blood cells‚ skin cells‚ tissues‚ muscles‚ bone‚ teeth‚ hair‚ and saliva. What is mitochondrial DNA? Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell‚ and can be inherited from one’s mother. What is CODIS? How does it work? CODIS is a computer software that contains DNA profiles of convicted offenders‚ murders
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Title: E. Coli Transformation with a Plasmid DNA Containing the GFP Gene Introduction: Bacterial transformation is the process of bacteria taking in and expressing exogenous DNA. This has led to many other discoveries. In order for bacterial transformation to occur the bacteria must be in a certain physical state to be able to take in DNA. This is called competency and it allows the cell membrane to be permeable so DNA can pass through. Currently researchers are studying the transformation
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Year 10 Science: DNA Presentation Your presentation must include: Criteria - Diagram Explanation A - Clearly explains reasons why diagram was used‚ and clearly explains the structure of DNA An explanation of how you chose what sort of labelled diagram to include: The structure of the double helix allows for the DNA to be tightly packed into chromosomes. It also provides an extremely stable backbone with the negatively charged phosphates pointing to the outside of the molecule. This charge aids
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Purpose In this lab‚ we used PCR and gel electrophoresis to identify genetically modified food. Introduction A genetically modified organism is an organism whose DNA or genetic makeup has been modified to code for certain desirable traits("Genetically Modified Foods"). Common genetically modified plants include corn and soy‚ and common genetically modified animals are fish. Many genetically modified plants are coded to resist bugs‚ grow faster‚ and produce bigger fruit‚ while most GMO animals
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question whether protein or DNA was the genetic material by using Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). o Bacteriaphages were good for the experiment because they only contain 2 organic compounds‚ DNA and protein. • James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to solve the structure (structure=function) of DNA. • X-ray crystallography( process used to visualize molecules in 3-D. • DNA is a double helix- structure • The nitrogenous bases of DNA are( adenine (A)‚ thymine
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