Tools and techniques for DNA manipulation Gene technology is the artificial manipulation of genes Gene technology’s use different techniques: TOOLS: Restriction enzyme Enzyme that are used to cut DNA at specific sequences ‘Like a pair of scissors’ One of the most important tools in genetic engineering They have the ability to cut DNA molecules at precise sequences of 4 to 8 base pairs called recognition sites A lot of bacteria are used to get restriction enzymes Bacteria use restriction
Premium DNA
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 29– No.8‚ September 2011 Analysis on DNA based Cryptography to Secure Data Transmission S.Jeevidha Dept. of CSE Pondicherry University Pondicherry‚ India Dr.M.S.Saleem Basha Asst Professor‚ Dept. of CSE Pondicherry University Pondicherry‚ India Dr.P.Dhavachelvan Professor‚ Dept. of CSE Pondicherry University Pondicherry‚ India ABSTRACT The biological research in the field of information technology paves the exploitation
Premium DNA
The Advantages of DNA Replication DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid‚ and it is found in the nucleus of every cell in the human body. DNA is the master plan - it contains all the genetic information needed for a living thing to develop and function. Each and every single organism has a unique and different DNA encoding. DNA’s purpose is to store all of our genetic information similar to the way a builders blue print sets out the design of a house. Without DNA there would be no such thing as
Premium DNA
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA •Adapted from Chapter 9 in Genetics: Analysis and Principles (Robert J. Brooker) Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display IDENTIFICATION OF DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL • To fulfill its role‚ the genetic material must meet several criteria – 1. Information: It must contain the information necessary to make an entire organism – 2. Transmission: It must be passed from parent to offspring – 3. Replication:
Free DNA
DNA – RNA Notes The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is called ribose. -RNA is a single strand of nucleotides. DNA is made of two strands of nucleotides. -DNA is a double helix with hydrogen bonds linking the nitrogen bases. RNA is a linear strand with no hydrogen bonds. -The bases of DNA are: Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine‚ and Guanine. The bases of RNA are: Adenine‚ Uracil‚ Cytosine‚ and Guanine. -RNA does not have Thymine‚ and DNA does not have Uracil. -In DNA
Free DNA
D. DNA Name the four bases in DNA and describe the structure of DNA using the following terms: The four bases of DNA are adenine‚ thymine‚ guanine‚ and cytosine. nucleotide (sugar‚ phosphate‚ base) Sugar: pentose deoxyribose; phosphate: phosporic acid‚ nitrogen base (A‚ T‚ G‚ C) complementary base pairing A-T; G-C joined by hydrogen bonds. Purines (with double ring) always bond with a pyrimidine (single ring). double helix Double spiral; three dimensional hydrogen bonding Hydrogen
Free DNA
double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into smaller fragments at specific points. They are a defence mechanism used by bacteria to cleave the DNA of invading viruses‚ thereby restricting their expression. The exploitation of restriction enzymes ability to cut large pieces of DNA into smaller fragments (called restriction fragments) and the highly specific way in which they do this has played a crucial role in the exponential advancement of biotechnology in recent decades. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific
Premium DNA
WHAT IS RECOMBINANT DNA So what is rDNA? It stands for Recombinant DNA. Before we get to the “r” part we need to understand DNA. DNA is the keeper of all the information needed to recreate an organism. All DNA is made up of a base consisting of sugar‚ phosphate and one nitrogen base. There are four nitrogen bases‚ adenine (A)‚ thymine (T)‚ guanine (G)‚ and cytosine (C).The nitrogen bases are found in pairs‚ with A & T and G & C paired together. The sequence of the nitrogen bases can be
Premium DNA
DNA Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life including some viruses. DNA is an antiparallel double helix molecule with sugar-phosphate backbone on the outer side and nitrogen bases in the inner side. The bases are paired specifically‚ also known as complementary pairing‚ Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)‚ and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C) by two and three hydrogen bonds‚ respectively. DNA is a long polymer
Premium DNA
DNA REPLICATION WHAT IS DNA? DNA is a molecule that has a repeating chain of identical five-carbon sugars (polymers) linked together from head to tail. It is composed of four ring shaped organic bases (nucleotides) which are Adenine (A)‚ Guanine (G)‚ Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). It has a double helix shape and contains the sugar component deoxyribose. THE PROCESS OF DNA REPLICATION How DNA replicates is quite a simple process. First‚ a DNA molecule is "unzipped". In other words‚ it
Premium DNA